- Research Article
- Open access
- Published:
A New Hybrid Algorithm for Variational Inclusions, Generalized Equilibrium Problems, and a Finite Family of Quasi-Nonexpansive Mappings
Fixed Point Theory and Applications volume 2009, Article number: 350979 (2009)
Abstract
We proposed in this paper a new iterative scheme for finding common elements of the set of fixed points of a finite family of quasi-nonexpansive mappings, the set of solutions of variational inclusion, and the set of solutions of generalized equilibrium problems. Some strong convergence results were derived by using the concept of -mappings for a finite family of quasi-nonexpansive mappings. Strong convergence results are derived under suitable conditions in Hilbert spaces.
1. Introduction
Let be a real Hilbert space with inner product
and inducted norm
, and let
be a nonempty closed and convex subset of
. Then, a mapping
is said to be
(1)nonexpansive if , for all
;
(2)quasi-nonexpansive if , for all
and
;
(3)-Lipschitzian if there exists a constant
such that
, for all
. We denoted by
the set of fixed points of
.
In 1953, Mann [1] introduced the following iterative procedure to approximate a fixed point of a nonexpansive mapping in a Hilbert space
:
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ1_HTML.gif)
where the initial point is taken in
arbitrarily and
is a sequence in
.
However, we note that Mann's iteration process (1.1) has only weak convergence, in general; for instance, see [2, 3].
Many authors attempt to modify the process (1.1) so that strong convergence is guaranteed that has recently been made. Nakajo and Takahashi [4] proposed the following modification which is the so-called CQ method and proved the following strong convergence theorem for a nonexpansive mapping in a Hilbert space
.
Theorem 1.1 (see [4]).
Let be a nonempty closed convex subset of a Hilbert space
and let
be a nonexpansive mapping of
into itself such that
. Suppose that
and
is given by
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ2_HTML.gif)
where . Then,
converges strongly to
.
Let be a function and let
be a bifunction from
to
such that
, where
is the set of real numbers and
. The generalized equilibrium problem is to find
such that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ3_HTML.gif)
The set of solutions of (1.3) is denoted by ; see also [5–7].
If is replaced by a real-valued function
, problem (1.3) reduces to the following mixed equilibrium problem introduced by Ceng and Yao [8]: find
such that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ4_HTML.gif)
Let , for all
. Here
denotes the indicator function of the set
; that is,
if
and
otherwise. Then problem (1.3) reduces to the following equilibrium problem: find
such that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ5_HTML.gif)
The set of solutions (1.5) is denoted by . Problem (1.5) includes, as special cases, the optimization problem, the variational inequality problem, the fixed point problem, the nonlinear complementarity problem, the Nash equilibrium problem in noncooperative games, and the vector optimization problem; see [9–12] and the reference cited therein.
Recently, Tada and Takahashi [13] proposed a new iteration for finding a common element of the set of solutions of an equilibrium problem and the set of fixed points of a nonexpansive mapping in a Hilbert space
and then obtain the following theorem.
Theorem 1.2 (see [13]).
Let be a real Hilbert space, let
be a closed convex subset of
, let
be a bifunction, and let
be a nonexpansive mapping such that
. For an initial point
, let a sequence
be generated by
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ6_HTML.gif)
where and
. Then,
converges strongly to
.
Let be a single-valued nonlinear mapping and let
be a set-valued mapping. The variational inclusion is to find
such that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ7_HTML.gif)
where is the zero vector in
. The set of solutions of problem (1.7) is denoted by
. Recall that a mapping
is called
-inverse strongly monotone if there exists a constant
such that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ8_HTML.gif)
A set-valued mapping is called monotone if for all
,
and
imply
. A monotone mapping
is maximal if its graph
of
is not properly contained in the graph of any other monotone mapping. It is known that a monotone mapping
is maximal if and only if for
,
for all
imply
. We define the resolvent operator
associated with
and
as follows:
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ9_HTML.gif)
It is known that the resolvent operator is single-valued, nonexpansive, and 1-inverse strongly monotone; see [14], and that a solution of problem (1.7) is a fixed point of the operator
for all
; see also [15]. If
, it is easy to see that
is a nonexpansive mapping; consequently,
is closed and convex.
The equilibrium problems, generalized equilibrium problems, variational inequality problems, and variational inclusions have been intensively studied by many authors; for instance, see [8, 16–43].
Motivated by Tada and Takahashi [13] and Peng et al. [7], we introduce a new approximation scheme for finding a common element of the set of fixed points of a finite family of quasi-nonexpansive and Lipschitz mappings, the set of solutions of a generalized equilibrium problem, and the set of solutions of a variational inclusion with set-valued maximal monotone and inverse strongly monotone mappings in the framework of Hilbert spaces.
2. Preliminaries and Lemmas
Let be a closed convex subset of a real Hilbert space
with norm
and inner product
. For each
, there exists a unique nearest point in
, denoted by
, such that
.
is called the metric projection of
on to
. It is also known that for
and
,
is equivalent to
for all
. Furthermore
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ10_HTML.gif)
for all ,
; see also [4, 44]. In a real Hilbert space, we also know that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ11_HTML.gif)
for all and
.
Lemma 2.1 (see [45]).
Let be a nonempty closed convex subset of a Hilbert space
. Then for points
and a real number
, the set
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ12_HTML.gif)
For solving the generalized equilibrium problem, let us give the following assumptions for ,
and the set
:
(A1) for all
;
(A2) is monotone, that is,
for all
;
(A3) for each is weakly upper semicontinuous;
(A4) for each is convex;
(A5) for each ,
is lower semicontinuous;
(B1) for each and
, there exists a bounded subset
and
such that for any
,
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ13_HTML.gif)
(B2) is a bounded set.
Lemma 2.2 (see [7]).
Let be a nonempty closed convex subset of a real Hilbert
. Let
be a bifunction from
to
satisfying (A1)–(A5) and let
be a proper lower semicontinuous and convex function such that
. For
and
, define a mapping
as follows:
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ14_HTML.gif)
Assume that either (B1) or (B2) holds. Then, the following conclusions hold:
(1)for each ,
;
(2) is single-valued;
(3) is firmly nonexpansive, that is, for any
,
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ15_HTML.gif)
(4);
(5) is closed and convex.
Lemma 2.3 (see [14]).
Let be a maximal monotone mapping and let
be a Lipshitz continuous mapping. Then the mapping
is a maximal monotone mapping.
Lemma 2.4.
Let be a nonempty closed convex subset of a real Hilbert space
. Let
be a quasi-nonexpansive and
-Lipschitz mapping of
into itself. Then,
is closed and convex.
Proof.
Since is
-Lipschitz, it is easy to show that
is closed.
Let and
where
. From (2.2), we have
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ16_HTML.gif)
which implies ; consequently,
is convex. This completes the proof.
Lemma 2.5 (see [46]).
In a strictly convex Banach space , if
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ17_HTML.gif)
for all and
, then
.
In 1999, Atsushiba and Takahashi [47] introduced the concept of the -mapping as follows:
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ18_HTML.gif)
where is a finite mapping of
into itself and
for all
with
.
Such a mapping is called the
-mapping generated by
and
; see also [48–50]. Throughout this paper, we denote
.
Next, we prove some useful lemmas concerning the -mapping.
Lemma 2.6.
Let be a nonempty closed convex subset of a strictly convex Banach space
. Let
be a finite family of quasi-nonexpansive and
-Lipschitz mappings of
into itself such that
and let
be real numbers such that
for all
,
, and
. Let
be the
-mapping generated by
and
. Then, the followings hold:
(i) is quasi-nonexpansive and Lipschitz;
(ii).
Proof.
-
(i)
For each
and
, we observe that
(2.10)
Let , then
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ20_HTML.gif)
Hence,
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ21_HTML.gif)
This shows that is a quasi-nonexpansive mapping.
Next, we claim that is a Lipschitz mapping. Note that
is
-Lipschitz for all
. For each
, we observe
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ22_HTML.gif)
Let , then
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ23_HTML.gif)
Hence,
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ24_HTML.gif)
Since for all
, we get that
is a Lipschitz mapping.
-
(ii)
Since
is trivial, it suffices to show that
. To end this, let
and
. Then, we have
(2.16)
This shows that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ26_HTML.gif)
and hence
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ27_HTML.gif)
Again by (2.16), we see that . Hence
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ28_HTML.gif)
Applying Lemma 2.5 to (2.19), we get that and hence
.
Again by (2.16), we have
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ29_HTML.gif)
and hence
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ30_HTML.gif)
From (2.16), we know that . Since
, we have
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ31_HTML.gif)
Applying Lemma 2.5 to (2.22), we get that and hence
.
By proving in the same manner, we can conclude that and
for all
. Finally, we also have
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ32_HTML.gif)
which yields that since
. Hence
.
Lemma 2.7.
Let be a nonempty closed convex subset of a Banach space
. Let
be a finite family of quasi-nonexpansive and
-Lipschitz mappings of
into itself and
sequences in
such that
as
. Moreover, for every
, let
and
be the
-mappings generated by
and
and
and
, respectively. Then
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ33_HTML.gif)
Proof.
Let and
and
be generated by
and
and
and
, respectively. Then
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ34_HTML.gif)
Let and
. Then
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ35_HTML.gif)
It follows that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ36_HTML.gif)
Since as
, we obtain the result.
3. Strong Convergence Theorems
In this section, we prove a strong convergence theorem which solves the problem of finding a common element of the set of solutions of a generalized equilibrium problem and the set of solutions of a variational inclusion and the set of common fixed points of a finite family of quasi-nonexpansive and Lipschitz mappings.
Theorem 3.1.
Let be a nonempty closed convex subset of a real Hilbert space
, let
be a bifunction satisfying (A1)–(A5), let
be a proper lower semicontinuous and convex function, let
be an
-inverse strongly monotone mapping, let
be a maximal monotone mapping, and let
be a finite family of quasi-nonexpansive and
-Lipschitz mappings of
into itself. Assume that
and either (B1) or (B2) holds. Let
be the
-mapping generated by
and
. For an initial point
with
and
, let
,
,
, and
be sequences generated by
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ37_HTML.gif)
where for some
,
for some
and
for some
.
Then, ,
,
, and
converge strongly to
.
Proof.
Since for all
, we get that
is nonexpansive for all
. Hence,
is closed and convex. By Lemma 2.2(5), we know that
is closed and convex. By Lemma 2.4, we also know that
is closed and convex. Hence,
is a nonempty closed convex set; consequently,
is well defined for every
.
Next, we divide the proof into seven steps.
Step 1.
Show that for all
.
By Lemma 2.1, we see that is closed and convex for all
. Hence
is well defined for every
,
. Let
. From
and
for all
, we have
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ38_HTML.gif)
It follows that , and hence
for all
.
Step 2.
Show that exists.
Since is a nonempty closed convex subset of
, there exists a unique element
. From
, we obtain
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ39_HTML.gif)
Hence is bounded; so are
,
, and
.
Since , we also have
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ40_HTML.gif)
From (3.3) and (3.4), we get that exists.
Step 3.
Show that is a Cauchy sequence.
By the construction of the set , we know that
for
. From (2.1), it follows that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ41_HTML.gif)
as . Hence
is a Cauchy sequence. By the completeness of
and the closeness of
, we can assume that
.
Step 4.
Show that .
From (3.5), we get
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ42_HTML.gif)
as . Since
, we have
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ43_HTML.gif)
as . Hence,
as
. By the nonexpansiveness of
and the inverse strongly monotonicity of
, we obtain that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ44_HTML.gif)
This implies that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ45_HTML.gif)
It follows from (3.7) that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ46_HTML.gif)
Since is
-inverse strongly monotone, we have
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ47_HTML.gif)
This implies that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ48_HTML.gif)
It follows that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ49_HTML.gif)
From (3.7) and (3.10) we get
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ50_HTML.gif)
It follows from (3.7) and (3.14) that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ51_HTML.gif)
as . Since
is firmly nonexpansive and
, we have
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ52_HTML.gif)
which implies that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ53_HTML.gif)
It follows from (3.17) that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ54_HTML.gif)
which yields that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ55_HTML.gif)
Hence, from (3.7) and (3.14), we also have
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ56_HTML.gif)
It follows from (3.15) and (3.20) that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ57_HTML.gif)
By Lemma 2.7, we also get that . From Lemma 2.6(i), we know that
is Lipschitz. Since
as
, it is easy to verify that
. Moreover, by Lemma 2.6(ii), we can conclude that
.
Step 5.
Show that .
Since , we have
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ58_HTML.gif)
From (A2), we have
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ59_HTML.gif)
It follows from (A5) and the weakly lower semicontinuity of ,
, and
that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ60_HTML.gif)
Put for all
and
. Since
and
, we obtain
, and hence
. So by (A1), (A4), and the convexity of
, we have
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ61_HTML.gif)
Hence,
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ62_HTML.gif)
Letting , it follows from (A3) and the weakly semicontinuity of
that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ63_HTML.gif)
for all . Observe that if
, then
holds. Hence
.
Step 6.
Show that .
First observe that is an
-Lipschitz monotone mapping and
. From Lemma 2.3, we know that
is maximal monotone. Let
, that is,
. Since
, we get
, that is,
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ64_HTML.gif)
By the maximal monotonicity of , we have
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ65_HTML.gif)
and so
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ66_HTML.gif)
It follows from ,
and
that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ67_HTML.gif)
By the maximal monotonicity of , we have
; consequently,
.
Step 7.
Show that .
Since and
, we obtain
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ68_HTML.gif)
By taking the limit in (3.32), we obtain
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ69_HTML.gif)
This shows that .
From Steps 1–7, we can conclude that ,
,
, and
converge strongly to
. This completes the proof.
4. Applications
As a direct consequence of Theorem 3.1, we obtain some new and interesting results in a Hilbert space as the following theorems. Recall that is the solution set of the classical variational inequality
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ70_HTML.gif)
Theorem 4.1.
Let be a nonempty closed convex subset of a real Hilbert space
, let
be a bifunction satisfying (A1)–(A5), let
be a proper lower semicontinuous and convex function, let
be an
-inverse strongly monotone mapping, and let
be a finite family of quasi-nonexpansive and
-Lipschitz mappings of
into itself. Assume that
and either (B1) or (B2) holds. Let
be the
-mapping generated by
and
. For an initial point
with
and
, let
,
,
, and
be sequences generated by
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ71_HTML.gif)
where for some
,
for some
and
for some
.
Then, ,
,
, and
converge strongly to
.
Proof.
In Theorem 3.1, take , where
is the indicator function of
. It is well known that the subdifferential
is a maximal monotone operator. Then, problem (1.7) is equivalent to problem (4.1) and the resolvent operator
for all
. This completes the proof.
Next, we give a strong convergence theorem for finding a common element of the set of solutions of an equilibrium problem, the set of solutions of a variational inclusion and the set of common fixed points of a finite family of quasi-nonexpansive and Lipschitz mappings. In order to do this, let us assume that
(B3) for each and
, there exists a bounded subset
and
such that for any
,
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ72_HTML.gif)
Theorem 4.2.
Let be a nonempty closed convex subset of a real Hilbert space
, let
be a bifunction satisfying (A1)–(A5), let
be an
-inverse strongly monotone mapping, let
be a maximal monotone mapping, and let
be a finite family of quasi-nonexpansive and
-Lipschitz mappings of
into itself. Assume that
and either (B1) or (B3) holds. Let
be the
-mapping generated by
and
. For an initial point
with
and
, let
,
,
, and
be sequences generated by
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F350979/MediaObjects/13663_2009_Article_1133_Equ73_HTML.gif)
where for some
,
for some
, and
for some
.
Then, ,
,
, and
converge strongly to
.
Proof.
In Theorem 3.1, take , for all
. Then problem (1.3) reduces to the equilibrium problem (1.5).
Remark 4.3.
Theorem 3.1 improves and extends the main results in [4, 13] and the corresponding results.
References
Mann WR: Mean value methods in iteration. Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society 1953, 4: 506–510. 10.1090/S0002-9939-1953-0054846-3
Genel A, Lindenstrauss J: An example concerning fixed points. Israel Journal of Mathematics 1975,22(1):81–86. 10.1007/BF02757276
Reich S: Weak convergence theorems for nonexpansive mappings in Banach spaces. Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 1979,67(2):274–276. 10.1016/0022-247X(79)90024-6
Nakajo K, Takahashi W: Strong convergence theorems for nonexpansive mappings and nonexpansive semigroups. Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 2003,279(2):372–379. 10.1016/S0022-247X(02)00458-4
Bigi G, Castellani M, Kassay G: A dual view of equilibrium problems. Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 2008,342(1):17–26. 10.1016/j.jmaa.2007.11.034
Flores-Bazán F: Existence theorems for generalized noncoercive equilibrium problems: the quasi-convex case. SIAM Journal on Optimization 2000,11(3):675–690.
Peng J-W, Liou Y-C, Yao J-C: An iterative algorithm combining viscosity method with parallel method for a generalized equilibrium problem and strict pseudocontractions. Fixed Point Theory and Applications 2009, Article ID 794178, 2009:-21.
Ceng L-C, Yao J-C: A hybrid iterative scheme for mixed equilibrium problems and fixed point problems. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 2008,214(1):186–201. 10.1016/j.cam.2007.02.022
Blum E, Oettli W: From optimization and variational inequalities to equilibrium problems. The Mathematics Student 1994,63(1–4):123–145.
Combettes PL, Hirstoaga SA: Equilibrium programming in Hilbert spaces. Journal of Nonlinear and Convex Analysis 2005,6(1):117–136.
Flåm SD, Antipin AS: Equilibrium programming using proximal-like algorithms. Mathematical Programming 1997,78(1):29–41.
Iusem AN, Sosa W: Iterative algorithms for equilibrium problems. Optimization 2003,52(3):301–316. 10.1080/0233193031000120039
Tada A, Takahashi W: Weak and strong convergence theorems for a nonexpansive mapping and an equilibrium problem. Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications 2007,133(3):359–370. 10.1007/s10957-007-9187-z
BÅ•ezis H: Operateur maximaux monotones. In Mathematics Studies. Volume 5. North-Holland, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; 1973.
Lemaire B: Which fixed point does the iteration method select? In Recent Advances in Optimization. Volume 452. Springer, Berlin, Germany; 1997:154–167. 10.1007/978-3-642-59073-3_11
Agarwal RP, Cho YJ, Huang N-J: Sensitivity analysis for strongly nonlinear quasi-variational inclusions. Applied Mathematics Letters 2000,13(6):19–24. 10.1016/S0893-9659(00)00048-3
Ceng L-C, Ansari QH, Yao J-C: On relaxed viscosity iterative methods for variational inequalities in Banach spaces. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 2009,230(2):813–822. 10.1016/j.cam.2009.01.015
Ceng L-C, Ansari QH, Yao J-C: Mann-type steepest-descent and modified hybrid steepest-descent methods for variational inequalities in Banach spaces. Numerical Functional Analysis and Optimization 2008,29(9–10):987–1033. 10.1080/01630560802418391
Ceng LC, Chen GY, Huang XX, Yao J-C: Existence theorems for generalized vector variational inequalities with pseudomonotonicity and their applications. Taiwanese Journal of Mathematics 2008,12(1):151–172.
Ceng L-C, Lee C, Yao J-C: Strong weak convergence theorems of implicit hybrid steepest-descent methods for variational inequalities. Taiwanese Journal of Mathematics 2008,12(1):227–244.
Ceng L-C, Petruşel A, Yao J-C: Weak convergence theorem by a modified extragradient method for nonexpansive mappings and monotone mappings. Fixed Point Theory 2008,9(1):73–87.
Ceng L-C, Xu H-K, Yao J-C: A hybrid steepest-descent method for variational inequalities in Hilbert spaces. Applicable Analysis 2008,87(5):575–589. 10.1080/00036810802140608
Zeng LC, Schaible S, Yao J-C: Hybrid steepest descent methods for zeros of nonlinear operators with applications to variational inequalities. Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications 2009,141(1):75–91. 10.1007/s10957-008-9501-4
Ceng L-C, Yao J-C: Relaxed viscosity approximation methods for fixed point problems and variational inequality problems. Nonlinear Analysis: Theory, Methods & Applications 2008,69(10):3299–3309. 10.1016/j.na.2007.09.019
Chang SS: Set-valued variational inclusions in Banach spaces. Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 2000,248(2):438–454. 10.1006/jmaa.2000.6919
Cholamjiak P: A hybrid iterative scheme for equilibrium problems, variational inequality problems, and fixed point problems in Banach spaces. Fixed Point Theory and Applications 2009, Article ID 719360, 2009:-18.
Ding XP: Perturbed Ishikawa type iterative algorithm for generalized quasivariational inclusions. Applied Mathematics and Computation 2003,141(2–3):359–373. 10.1016/S0096-3003(02)00261-8
Fang Y-P, Huang N-J: -monotone operator and resolvent operator technique for variational inclusions. Applied Mathematics and Computation 2003,145(2–3):795–803. 10.1016/S0096-3003(03)00275-3
Kangtunyakarn A, Suantai S: A new mapping for finding common solutions of equilibrium problems and fixed point problems of finite family of nonexpansive mappings. Nonlinear Analysis: Theory, Methods & Applications 2009,71(10):4448–4460. 10.1016/j.na.2009.03.003
Kangtunyakarn A, Suantai S: Hybrid iterative scheme for generalized equilibrium problems and fixed point problems of finite family of nonexpansive mappings. Nonlinear Analysis: Hybrid Systems 2009,3(3):296–309. 10.1016/j.nahs.2009.01.012
Kumam P: A hybrid approximation method for equilibrium and fixed point problems for a monotone mapping and a nonexpansive mapping. Nonlinear Analysis: Hybrid Systems 2008,2(4):1245–1255. 10.1016/j.nahs.2008.09.017
Nilsrakoo W, Saejung S: Strong convergence theorems for a countable family of quasi-Lipschitzian mappings and its applications. Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 2009,356(1):154–167. 10.1016/j.jmaa.2009.03.002
Peng J-W, Wang Y, Shyu DS, Yao J-C: Common solutions of an iterative scheme for variational inclusions, equilibrium problems, and fixed point problems. Journal of Inequalities and Applications 2008, Article ID 720371, 2008:-15.
Peng J-W, Yao J-C: A new hybrid-extragradient method for generalized mixed equilibrium problems, fixed point problems and variational inequality problems. Taiwanese Journal of Mathematics 2008,12(6):1401–1432.
Peng J-W, Yao J-C: A modified CQ method for equilibrium problems, fixed points and variational inequality. Fixed Point Theory 2008,9(2):515–531.
Petruşel A, Yao J-C: An extragradient iterative scheme by viscosity approximation methods for fixed point problems and variational inequality problems. Central European Journal of Mathematics 2009,7(2):335–347. 10.2478/s11533-009-0003-x
Plubtieng S, Sriprad W: A viscosity approximation method for finding common solutions of variational inclusions, equilibrium problems, and fixed point problems in Hilbert spaces. Fixed Point Theory and Applications 2009, Article ID 567147, 2009:-20.
Schaible S, Yao J-C, Zeng L-C: A proximal method for pseudomonotone type variational-like inequalities. Taiwanese Journal of Mathematics 2006,10(2):497–513.
Verma RU: -monotonicity and applications to nonlinear variational inclusion problems. Journal of Applied Mathematics and Stochastic Analysis 2004,2004(2):193–195. 10.1155/S1048953304403013
Zeng L-C, Guu SM, Yao J-C: Hybrid approximate proximal point algorithms for variational inequalities in Banach spaces. Journal of Inequalities and Applications 2009, Article ID 275208, 2009:-17.
Zeng LC, Lin LJ, Yao J-C: Auxiliary problem method for mixed variational-like inequalities. Taiwanese Journal of Mathematics 2006,10(2):515–529.
Zeng LC, Yao J-C: A hybrid extragradient method for general variational inequalities. Mathematical Methods of Operations Research 2009,69(1):141–158. 10.1007/s00186-008-0215-z
Zhang S-S, Lee JH, Chan CK: Algorithms of common solutions to quasi variational inclusion and fixed point problems. Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 2008,29(5):571–581. 10.1007/s10483-008-0502-y
Marino G, Xu H-K: Weak and strong convergence theorems for strict pseudo-contractions in Hilbert spaces. Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 2007,329(1):336–346. 10.1016/j.jmaa.2006.06.055
Martinez-Yanes C, Xu H-K: Strong convergence of the CQ method for fixed point iteration processes. Nonlinear Analysis: Theory, Methods & Applications 2006,64(11):2400–2411. 10.1016/j.na.2005.08.018
Takahashi W: Nonlinear Functional Analysis. Yokohama, Yokohama, Japan; 2000.
Atsushiba S, Takahashi W: Strong convergence theorems for a finite family of nonexpansive mappings and applications. Indian Journal of Mathematics 1999,41(3):435–453.
Shimoji K, Takahashi W: Strong convergence to common fixed points of infinite nonexpansive mappings and applications. Taiwanese Journal of Mathematics 2001,5(2):387–404.
Takahashi W: Weak and strong convergence theorems for families of nonexpansive mappings and their applications. Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska. Sectio A 1997,51(2):277–292.
Takahashi W: Convex Analysis and Approximation of Fixed Points. Volume 2. Yokohama, Yokohama, Japan; 2000.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank the referee for the valuable suggestions on the manuscript. The authors were supported by the Commission on Higher Education, the Thailand Research Fund, and the Graduate School of Chiang Mai University.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
About this article
Cite this article
Cholamjiak, P., Suantai, S. A New Hybrid Algorithm for Variational Inclusions, Generalized Equilibrium Problems, and a Finite Family of Quasi-Nonexpansive Mappings. Fixed Point Theory Appl 2009, 350979 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/350979
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/350979