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Variational-Like Inclusions and Resolvent Equations Involving Infinite Family of Set-Valued Mappings
Fixed Point Theory and Applications volume 2011, Article number: 635030 (2011)
Abstract
We study variational-like inclusions involving infinite family of set-valued mappings and their equivalence with resolvent equations. It is established that variational-like inclusions in real Banach spaces are equivalent to fixed point problems. This equivalence is used to suggest an iterative algorithm for solving resolvent equations. Some examples are constructed.
1. Introduction
The important generalization of variational inequalities, called variational inclusions, have been extensively studied and generalized in different directions to study a wide class of problems arising in mechanics, optimization, nonlinear programming, economics, finance and applied sciences, and so forth; see, for example [1–7] and references theirin. The resolvent operator technique for solving variational inequalities and variational inclusions is interesting and important. The resolvent operator technique is used to establish an equivalence between variational inequalities and resolvent equations. The resolvent equation technique is used to develop powerful and efficient numerical techniques for solving various classes of variational inequalities (inclusions) and related optimization problems.
In this paper, we established a relationship between variational-like inclusions and resolvent equations. We propose an iterative algorithm for computing the approximate solutions which converge to exact solution of considered resolvent equations. Some examples are constructed.
2. Formulation and Preliminaries
Throughout the paper, unless otherwise specified, we assume that is a real Banach space with its norm
,  
is the topological dual of
,  
is the pairing between
and
,  
is the metric induced by the norm
,  
(resp.,
) is the family of nonempty (resp., nonempty closed and bounded) subsets of  
,  and
is the Housdorff metric on
defined by
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F635030/MediaObjects/13663_2010_Article_1419_Equ1_HTML.gif)
where  and
. The normalized duality mapping  
  is defined by
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F635030/MediaObjects/13663_2010_Article_1419_Equ2_HTML.gif)
Definition 2.1.
Let be a real Banach space. Let
;  
be the single-valued mapping, and let
be a set-valued mapping. Then,
(i)the mapping   is said to be accretive if
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F635030/MediaObjects/13663_2010_Article_1419_Equ3_HTML.gif)
(ii)the mapping    is said to be strictly accretive if
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F635030/MediaObjects/13663_2010_Article_1419_Equ4_HTML.gif)
and the equality hold if and only if ,
(iii)the mapping    is said to be
-strongly accretive
if for any  
,  there exists  
such that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F635030/MediaObjects/13663_2010_Article_1419_Equ5_HTML.gif)
(iv)the mapping    is said to be  
-strongly  
-accretive, if there exists a constant
  such that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F635030/MediaObjects/13663_2010_Article_1419_Equ6_HTML.gif)
(v)  the mapping    is said to be  
-relaxed  
-accretive, if there exists a constant
  such that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F635030/MediaObjects/13663_2010_Article_1419_Equ7_HTML.gif)
Definition 2.2.
Let ,  
  be the single-valued mappings. Then, a set-valued mapping
is called
-accretive if  
  is  
-relaxed  
-accretive  and  
,  for every  
.
Let be a real Banach space, and let
be the normalized duality mapping. Then, for any
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F635030/MediaObjects/13663_2010_Article_1419_Equ8_HTML.gif)
Definition 2.4.
Let ,  
,  and let  
be the mappings. Then,
(i)the mapping is said to be Lipschitz continuous with constant
if
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F635030/MediaObjects/13663_2010_Article_1419_Equ9_HTML.gif)
(ii)the mapping    is said to be Lipschitz continuous in the first argument with constant  
  if
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F635030/MediaObjects/13663_2010_Article_1419_Equ10_HTML.gif)
Similarly, we can define Lipschitz continuity in the second argument.
(iii)the mapping    is said to be Lipschitz continuous in the
th argument with constant  
if
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F635030/MediaObjects/13663_2010_Article_1419_Equ11_HTML.gif)
Definition 2.5.
Let   be a strictly
-accretive mapping, and let
  be an
-accretive mapping.  Then, the resolvent operator  
  is defined by
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F635030/MediaObjects/13663_2010_Article_1419_Equ12_HTML.gif)
Proposition 2.6 (see [10]).
Let    be a real Banach space, and let  
  be  
-Lipschitz continuous; let
  be an
-strongly
-accretive mapping, and let
  be an
-accretive mapping. Then the resolvent operator  
is
-Lipschitz continuous, that is,
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F635030/MediaObjects/13663_2010_Article_1419_Equ13_HTML.gif)
where    is a constant.
Example 2.7.
Let ,
,  and  
for all
. Then,
is
-accretive.
Example 2.8.
Let   be
-strongly  
-accretive in the first argument. Then,  
  is
-relaxed  
-accretive for  
, for
.
Let ,
  be an infinite family of set-valued mappings, and let
  be a nonlinear mapping. Let  
;
be single-valued mappings, let and
be set-valued mappings. Suppose that
is
-accretive mapping in the first argument. We consider the following problem.
Find ,
,
,
,
,
and
such that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F635030/MediaObjects/13663_2010_Article_1419_Equ14_HTML.gif)
The problem (2.14) is called variational-like inclusions problem.
Special Cases
(i)If  ,
,   then problem (2.14) reduces to the problem of finding
,
,
 such that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F635030/MediaObjects/13663_2010_Article_1419_Equ15_HTML.gif)
Problem (2.15) is introduced and studied by Wang [11].
(ii)If ,
,
,
then problem (2.14) reduces to a problem considered by Chang, et al. [12, 13] that is, find
,
,
such that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F635030/MediaObjects/13663_2010_Article_1419_Equ16_HTML.gif)
It is now clear that for a suitable choice of maps involved in the formulation of problem (2.14), we can drive many known variational inclusions considered and studied in the literature.
In connection with problem (2.14), we consider the following resolvent equation problem.
Find ,
,
;
,
,
such that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F635030/MediaObjects/13663_2010_Article_1419_Equ17_HTML.gif)
where is a constant and
, where
and  
  is the identity mapping. Equation (2.17) is called the resolvent equation problem.
In support of problem (2.17), we have the following example.
Example 2.9.
Let us suppose that ,
,  
,  
,  
, and
.
We define for ,
,
,
and
.
(i),
(ii),
(iii),
(iv), for all
,
(v), for all
,
Then, for , it is easy to check that the resolvent equation problem (2.17) is satisfied.
3. An Iterative Algorithm and Convergence Result
We mention the following equivalence between the problem (2.14) and a fixed point problem which can be easily proved by using the definition of resolvent operator.
Lemma 3.1.
Let where
,
,
,  
,
, and
, is a solution of (2.14) if and only if it is a solution of the following equation:
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F635030/MediaObjects/13663_2010_Article_1419_Equ18_HTML.gif)
Now, we show that the problem (2.14) is equivalent to a resolvent equation problem.
Lemma 3.2.
Let ,
,
,  
,
,
,
then the following are equivalent:
(i) is a solution of variational inclusion problem (2.14),
(ii) is a solution of the problem (2.17),
where
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F635030/MediaObjects/13663_2010_Article_1419_Equ19_HTML.gif)
Proof.
Let be a solution of the problem (2.14), then by Lemma 3.1, it is a solution of the problem
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F635030/MediaObjects/13663_2010_Article_1419_Equ20_HTML.gif)
using the fact that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F635030/MediaObjects/13663_2010_Article_1419_Equ21_HTML.gif)
which implies that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F635030/MediaObjects/13663_2010_Article_1419_Equ22_HTML.gif)
with
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F635030/MediaObjects/13663_2010_Article_1419_Equ23_HTML.gif)
that is, is a solution of problem (2.17).
Conversly, let be a solution of problem (2.17), then
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F635030/MediaObjects/13663_2010_Article_1419_Equ24_HTML.gif)
from (3.2) and (3.7), we have
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F635030/MediaObjects/13663_2010_Article_1419_Equ25_HTML.gif)
which implies that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F635030/MediaObjects/13663_2010_Article_1419_Equ26_HTML.gif)
that is, is a solution of (2.14).
We now invoke Lemmas 3.1 and 3.2 to suggest the following iterative algorithm for solving resolvent equation problem (2.17).
Algorithm 3.3.
For a given ,
,
,  
,
, and
. Let
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F635030/MediaObjects/13663_2010_Article_1419_Equ27_HTML.gif)
Take such that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F635030/MediaObjects/13663_2010_Article_1419_Equ28_HTML.gif)
Since for each ,  
,
, and
by Nadler's theorem [14] there exist
,
,
, and
such that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F635030/MediaObjects/13663_2010_Article_1419_Equ29_HTML.gif)
where    is the Housdorff metric on
.
Let
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F635030/MediaObjects/13663_2010_Article_1419_Equ30_HTML.gif)
and take any such that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F635030/MediaObjects/13663_2010_Article_1419_Equ31_HTML.gif)
Continuing the above process inductively, we obtain the following.
For any ,
,
,  
,
,
and
Compute the sequences
,
,
,  
,
,
,
by the following iterative schemes:
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F635030/MediaObjects/13663_2010_Article_1419_Equ32_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F635030/MediaObjects/13663_2010_Article_1419_Equ33_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F635030/MediaObjects/13663_2010_Article_1419_Equ34_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F635030/MediaObjects/13663_2010_Article_1419_Equ35_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F635030/MediaObjects/13663_2010_Article_1419_Equ36_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F635030/MediaObjects/13663_2010_Article_1419_Equ37_HTML.gif)
where is a constant and
.
Theorem 3.4.
Let be a real Banach space.  Let
be  
-Lipschitz continuous mapping with constants
,
,
,
, respectively. Let
  be Lipschitz continuous with constant
, let
be Lipschitz continuous with constants
,
,
, respectively, and let  
  be
-strongly  
-accretive mapping. Suppose that
are mappings such that
is Lipschitz continuous with constant
and
is Lipschitz continuous in both the argument with constant
and
, respectively. Let
be
-accretive mapping in the first argument such that the following holds for
:
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F635030/MediaObjects/13663_2010_Article_1419_Equ38_HTML.gif)
Suppose there exists a such that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F635030/MediaObjects/13663_2010_Article_1419_Equ39_HTML.gif)
Then, there exist ,  
,  and  
,
,  and 
that satisfy resolvent equation problem (2.17). The iterative sequences
,
,
,
, and
,
,
generated by Algorithm 3.3 converge strongly to
,
,
,
,
,
, respectively.
Proof.
From Algorithm 3.3, we have
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F635030/MediaObjects/13663_2010_Article_1419_Equ40_HTML.gif)
By using the Lipschitz continuty of ,
, and
with constants
,
, and
, respectively, and by Algorithm 3.3, we have
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F635030/MediaObjects/13663_2010_Article_1419_Equ41_HTML.gif)
Since is Lipschitz continuous in all the arguments with constant  
,
, respectively,  and using  
-Lipschitz continuity of  
's with constant  
, we have
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F635030/MediaObjects/13663_2010_Article_1419_Equ42_HTML.gif)
Since is a Lipschitz continuous in both the arguments with constant
,
respectively, and
and
are
-Lipschitz continuous with constant
and
, respectively, we have
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F635030/MediaObjects/13663_2010_Article_1419_Equ43_HTML.gif)
Combining (3.24), (3.25), and (3.26) with (3.23), we have
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F635030/MediaObjects/13663_2010_Article_1419_Equ44_HTML.gif)
By using Proposition 2.3 and  -strong accretiveness of  
, we have
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F635030/MediaObjects/13663_2010_Article_1419_Equ45_HTML.gif)
Using (3.28), (3.27) becomes
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F635030/MediaObjects/13663_2010_Article_1419_Equ46_HTML.gif)
where
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F635030/MediaObjects/13663_2010_Article_1419_Equ47_HTML.gif)
From (3.22), we have , and consequently
is a Cauchy sequence in
. Since
is a Banach space, there exists  
  such that  
. From (3.28), we know that
is also a Cauchy sequence in  
. Therefore, there exists  
  such that  
. Since the mappings
's,
,  
  and  
are  
-Lipschitz continuous, it follows from (3.16)–(3.19) of Algorithm 3.3 that
,
,
, and
are also Cauchy sequences. We can assume that
,
,  
, and
.
Now, we prove that . In fact, since
and
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F635030/MediaObjects/13663_2010_Article_1419_Equ48_HTML.gif)
which implies that  .  As
, we have
,
.
Finally, by the continuity of  ,
,
,
,  and
and by Algorithm 3.3, it follows that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F635030/MediaObjects/13663_2010_Article_1419_Equ49_HTML.gif)
From (3.32), and Lemma 3.2, it follows that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2011%2F635030/MediaObjects/13663_2010_Article_1419_Equ50_HTML.gif)
that is, is a solution of resolvent equation poblem (2.17).
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Acknowledgment
This work is supported by Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, under Grant no. SR/S4/MS: 577/09.
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Ahmad, R., Dilshad, M. Variational-Like Inclusions and Resolvent Equations Involving Infinite Family of Set-Valued Mappings. Fixed Point Theory Appl 2011, 635030 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/635030
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/635030