Solutions for a variational inclusion problem with applications to multiple sets split feasibility problems

Abstract

In this paper, we first study the set of common solutions for two variational inclusion problems in a real Hilbert space and establish a strong convergence theorem of this problem. As applications, we study unique minimum norm solutions of the following problems: multiple sets split feasibility problems, system of convex constrained linear inverse problems, convex constrained linear inverse problems, split feasibility problems, convex feasibility problems. We establish iteration processes of these problems and show the strong convergence theorems of these iteration processes.

MSC:47J20, 47J25, 47H05, 47H09.

1 Introduction

Let $C_1,C_2,\dots ,C_m$ be nonempty closed convex subsets of a real Hilbert space ℋ. The well-known convex feasibility problem (CFP) is to find $x^{\ast }\in \mathcal{H}$ such that

$$x^{\ast }\in C_1\cap C_2\cap \cdots \cap C_m.$$

The convex feasibility problem has received a lot of attention due to its diverse applications in mathematics, approximation theory, communications, geophysics, control theory, biomedical engineering. One can refer to [1, 2].

If $C_1$ and $C_2$ are closed vector spaces of a real Hilbert space ℋ, in 1933, von Neumann showed that any sequence $\{x_n\}$ is generated from the method of alternating projections: $x_0\in \mathcal{H}$, $x_1=P_{C_1}{x}_0$, $x_2=P_{C_2}{x}_1$, $x_3=P_{C_1}{x}_2$, … . Then $\{x_n\}$ converges strongly to some $\overline{x}\in C_1\cap C_2$. If $C_1$ and $C_2$ are nonempty closed convex subsets of ℋ, Bregman [3] showed that the sequence $\{x_n\}$ generated from the method of alternating projection converges weakly to a point in $C_1\cap C_2$. Hundal [4] showed that the strong convergence fails if $C_1$ and $C_2$ are nonempty closed convex subsets of ℋ. Recently, Boikanyo et al. [5] proposed the following process:

$$x_{2n+1}=J_{{\beta }_n}^{G_1}({\alpha }_{n}u+(1-{\alpha }_n)x_{2n}+e_n),n=0,1,\dots .$$

(1.1)

and

$$x_{2n}=J_{{\rho }_n}^{G_2}({\lambda }_{n}u+(1-{\lambda }_n)x_{2n-1}+e_n^{\prime }),n=0,1,\dots ,$$

(1.2)

where $u,x_0\in \mathcal{H}$ are given arbitrarily, $G_1$ and $G_2$ are two set-valued maximal monotone operators with $J_{\beta }^{G_1}={(I+\beta G_1)}^{-1}$, and $\{{\alpha }_n\}$, $\{{\lambda }_n\}$, $\{{\beta }_n\}$, $\{{\rho }_n\}$, $\{e_n\}$, $\{e_n^{\prime }\}$ are sequences. Boikanyo et al. [5] proved that the sequence $\{x_n\}$ converges strongly to a point $\overline{x}\in {G_1}^{-1}(0)\cap {G_2}^{-1}(0)$ under suitable conditions.

The split feasibility problem (SFP) is to find a point

$$x^{\ast }\in C\text{ such that }A{x}^{\ast }\in Q,$$

where C, Q are nonempty closed convex subsets of real Hilbert spaces ${\mathcal{H}}_1$, ${\mathcal{H}}_2$, respectively. $A:{\mathcal{H}}_1\to {\mathcal{H}}_2$ is a bounded linear operator. The split feasibility problem (SFP) in finite dimensional real Hilbert spaces was first introduced by Censor and Elfving [6] for modeling inverse problems which arise from medical image reconstruction. Since then, the split feasibility problem (SFP) has received much attention due to its applications in signal processing, image reconstruction, approximation theory, control theory, biomedical engineering, communications, and geophysics. For examples, one can refer to [1, 2, 6–17] and related literature. A special case of problem (SFP) is the convexly constrained linear inverse problem in a finite dimensional real Hilbert space [18]:

$$(\text{CLIP})\text{Find }\overline{x}\in C\text{ such that }A\overline{x}=b,$$

where C is a nonempty closed convex subset of a real Hilbert space ${\mathcal{H}}_1$ and b is a given element of a real Hilbert space ${\mathcal{H}}_2$, which has extensively been investigated by using the Landweber iterative method [19]:

$$x_{n+1}:=x_n+\gamma A^T(b-A{x}_n),n\in \mathbb{N}.$$

Let $C_1,C_2,\dots ,C_m$ be nonempty closed convex subsets of ${\mathcal{H}}_1$, let $Q_1,Q_2,\dots ,Q_m$ be nonempty closed convex subsets of ${\mathcal{H}}_2$, and let $A_1,A_2,\dots ,A_m:{\mathcal{H}}_1\to {\mathcal{H}}_2$ be bounded linear operators. The well-known multiple sets split feasibility problem (MSSFP) is to find $x^{\ast }\in {\mathcal{H}}_1$ such that

$$x^{\ast }\in C_i\text{ such that }{A}_i{x}^{\ast }\in Q_i\text{for all }i=1,2,\dots ,m.$$

The multiple sets split feasibility problem (MSSFP) contains convex feasibility problem (CFP) and split feasibility problem (SFP) as special cases [6, 10, 13]. Indeed, Censor et al. [11] first studied this type of problem. Xu [16] and Lopez et al. [13] also studied this type of problem. In 2011, Boikanyo and Moroşanu [20] gave the following algorithm:

$$\{\begin{array}{l}{v}_{2n+1}:=a_{n}u+b_n{v}_{2n}+c_n{J}_{{\alpha }_n}^{G_1}{v}_{2n},n\in \mathbb{N}\cup \{0\},\\ v_{2n}:=f_{n}u+g_n{v}_{2n-1}+h_n{J}_{{\beta }_n}^{G_2}{v}_{2n-1},n\in \mathbb{N},\end{array}$$

(1.3)

where u is given in ℋ, and $G_1$, $G_2$ are two set-valued maximal monotone mappings on ℋ, $\{a_n\}$, $\{b_n\}$, $\{c_n\}$, $\{f_n\}$, $\{g_n\}$ and $\{h_n\}$ are sequences in $[0,1]$. Boikanyo and Moroşanu [20] proved that $\{v_n\}$ in (1.3) converges strongly to some $\overline{x}\in {G_1}^{-1}(0)\cap {G_2}^{-1}(0)$ under suitable conditions.

Motivated by the above works, we consider the following algorithm:

$$\{\begin{array}{l}{v}_0\in \mathcal{H}\text{ is chosen arbitrarily},\\ v_{2n+1}:=a_{n}u+b_n{v}_{2n}+c_n{J}_{{\delta }_n}^{G_1}(I-{\delta }_n{B}_1)v_{2n},n\in \mathbb{N}\cup \{0\},\\ v_{2n}:=f_{n}u+g_n{v}_{2n-1}+h_n{J}_{{\gamma }_n}^{G_2}(I-{\gamma }_n{B}_2)v_{2n-1},n\in \mathbb{N},\end{array}$$

(1.4)

where $G_1$, $G_2$ are two set-valued maximal monotone mappings on a real Hilbert space ${\mathcal{H}}_1$, $B_1,B_2:C\to {\mathcal{H}}_1$ are two mappings, $\{a_n\}$, $\{b_n\}$, $\{c_n\}$, $\{f_n\}$, $\{g_n\}$, and $\{h_n\}$ are sequences in $[0,1]$. We show that the sequence $\{v_n\}$ generated by (1.4) converges strongly to some $\overline{x}\in {(B_1+G_1)}^{-1}(0)\cap {(B_2+G_2)}^{-1}(0)$ under suitable conditions.

Algorithm (1.4) contains as special cases the inexact proximal point algorithm (e.g., [21, 22]) and the generalized contraction proximal point algorithm (e.g., [23]). Our conclusion extends and unifies Boikanyo and Moroşanu’s result in [20], Wang and Cui’s result in [24] becomes a special case. For details, one can see Section 3.

In this paper, we first study the set of common solutions for two variational inclusion problems in a Hilbert space and establish a strong convergence theorem of this problem. As applications, we study unique minimum norm solutions of the following problems: multiple sets split feasibility problems, system of convex constrained linear inverse problems, convex constrained linear inverse problems, split feasibility problems, convex feasibility problems. We establish iteration processes of these problems and show strong convergence theorems of these iteration processes.

2 Preliminaries

Throughout this paper, let ℋ, ${\mathcal{H}}_1$, ${\mathcal{H}}_2$, ${\mathcal{H}}_3$ denote real Hilbert spaces with the inner product $〈\cdot ,\cdot 〉$ and the norm $\parallel \cdot \parallel$; let ℕ be the set of all natural numbers and ${\mathbb{R}}^{+}$ be the set of all positive real numbers. A set-valued mapping A with domain $\mathcal{D}(A)$ on ℋ is called monotone if $〈u-v,x-y〉\ge 0$ for any $u\in Ax$, $v\in Ay$ and for all $x,y\in \mathcal{D}(A)$. A monotone operator A is called maximal monotone if its graph $\{(x,y):x\in \mathcal{D}(A),y\in Ax\}$ is not properly contained in the graph of any other monotone mapping. The set of all zero points of A is denoted by $A^{-1}(0)$, i.e., $A^{-1}(0)=\{x\in \mathcal{H}:0\in Ax\}$. In what follows, we denote the strong convergence and the weak convergence of $\{x_n\}$ to $x\in \mathcal{H}$ by $x_n\to x$ and $x_n\rightharpoonup x$, respectively. In order to facilitate our discussion, in the next section, we recall some facts. The following equality is easy to check:

$$\begin{array}{r}{\parallel \alpha x+\beta y+\gamma z\parallel }^2\\ =\alpha {\parallel x\parallel }^2+\beta {\parallel y\parallel }^2+\gamma {\parallel z\parallel }^2-\alpha \beta {\parallel x-y\parallel }^2-\alpha \gamma {\parallel x-z\parallel }^2-\beta \gamma {\parallel y-z\parallel }^2\end{array}$$

(2.1)

for each $x,y,z\in \mathcal{H}$ and $\alpha ,\beta ,\gamma \in [0,1]$ with $\alpha +\beta +\gamma =1$. Besides, we also have

$${\parallel x+y\parallel }^2\le {\parallel x\parallel }^2+2〈y,x+y〉$$

(2.2)

for each $x,y\in \mathcal{H}$. Let C be a nonempty closed convex subset of ℋ, and a mapping $T:C\to \mathcal{H}$. We denote the set of all fixed points of T by $Fix(T)$. A mapping $T:C\to \mathcal{H}$ is said to be nonexpansive if $\parallel Tx-Ty\parallel \le \parallel x-y\parallel$ for every $x,y\in C$. A mapping $T:C\to \mathcal{H}$ is said to be quasi-nonexpansive if $Fix(T)\ne \mathrm{\varnothing }$ and $\parallel Tx-y\parallel \le \parallel x-y\parallel$ for all $x\in C$ and $y\in Fix(T)$. A mapping $T:C\to \mathcal{H}$ is said to be firmly nonexpansive if

$${\parallel Tx-Ty\parallel }^2\le {\parallel x-y\parallel }^2-{\parallel (I-T)x-(I-T)y\parallel }^2$$

for every $x,y\in C$. Besides, it is easy to see that $Fix(T)$ is a closed convex subset of C if $T:C\to \mathcal{H}$ is a quasi-nonexpansive mapping. A mapping $T:C\to \mathcal{H}$ is said to be α-inverse-strongly monotone (α-ism) if

$$〈x-y,Tx-Ty〉\ge \alpha {\parallel Tx-Ty\parallel }^2$$

for all $x,y\in \mathcal{H}$ and $\alpha >0$.

The following lemmas are needed in this paper.

Lemma 2.1 [25]

Let $A:{\mathcal{H}}_1\to {\mathcal{H}}_2$ be a bounded linear operator, and let $A^{\ast }$ be the adjoint of A. Suppose that C is a nonempty closed convex subset of ${\mathcal{H}}_2$, and that $G:C\to {\mathcal{H}}_2$ is a firmly nonexpansive mapping. Then $A^{\ast }(I-G)A$ is $\frac{1}{{\parallel A\parallel }^2}$-ism, that is,

$$\frac{1}{{\parallel A\parallel }^2}{\parallel A^{\ast }(I-G)Ax-A^{\ast }(I-G)Ay\parallel }^2\le 〈x-y,A^{\ast }(I-G)Ax-A^{\ast }(I-G)Ay〉$$

for all $x,y\in {\mathcal{H}}_1$.

Lemma 2.2 Let C be a nonempty closed convex subset of ℋ, and let $G:C\to \mathcal{H}$ be a firmly nonexpansive mapping. Suppose that $Fix(G)$ is nonempty. Then $〈x-Gx,Gx-w〉\ge 0$ for each $x\in \mathcal{H}$ and each $w\in Fix(G)$.

Let C be a nonempty closed convex subset of ℋ. Then, for each $x\in \mathcal{H}$, there is a unique element $\overline{x}\in C$ such that $\parallel x-\overline{x}\parallel ={min}_{y\in C}\parallel x-y\parallel$. Here, we set $P_{C}x=\overline{x}$ and $P_C$ is said to be the metric projection from ℋ onto C.

Lemma 2.3 [26]

Let C be a nonempty closed convex subset of ℋ, and let $P_C$ be the metric projection from ℋ onto C. Then $〈x-P_{C}x,P_{C}x-y〉\ge 0$ for each $x\in \mathcal{H}$ and each $y\in C$.

For a set-valued maximal monotone operator G on ℋ and $r>0$, we may define an operator $J_r^G:\mathcal{H}\to \mathcal{H}$ with $J_r^G={(I+rG)}^{-1}$ which is called the resolvent mapping of G for r.

Lemma 2.4 [26, 27]

Let $G:\mathcal{H}\to 2^{\mathcal{H}}$ be a set-valued maximal monotone mapping. Then we have that

• (i) for each $\alpha >0$, $J_{\alpha }^G$ is a single-valued and firmly nonexpansive mapping.

• (ii) $\mathcal{D}(J_{\alpha }^G)=\mathcal{H}$ and $Fix(J_{\alpha }^G)=G^{-1}(0)$.

• (iii) $\parallel x-J_{\alpha }^{G}x\parallel \le 2\parallel x-J_{\beta }^{G}x\parallel$ for each $x\in \mathcal{H}$ and all $\alpha ,\beta \in (0,\mathrm{\infty })$ with $0<\alpha \le \beta$.

Lemma 2.5 [26]

Let G be a set-valued maximal monotone operator on ℋ. For $a>0$, we define the resolvent $J_a^G={(I+aG)}^{-1}$. Then the following holds:

$${\parallel J_{\alpha }^{G}x-J_{\beta }^{G}x\parallel }^2\le \frac{\alpha -\beta }{\alpha }〈J_{\alpha }^{G}x-J_{\beta }^{G}x,J_{\alpha }^{G}x-x〉$$

for all $\alpha ,\beta >0$ and $x\in \mathcal{H}$. In fact,

$$\parallel J_{\alpha }^{G}x-J_{\beta }^{G}x\parallel \le \frac{|\alpha -\beta |}{\alpha }\parallel J_{\alpha }^{G}x-x\parallel$$

for all $\alpha ,\beta >0$ and $x\in \mathcal{H}$.

Lemma 2.6 [28]

Let $\{S_n\}$ be a sequence of real numbers that does not decrease at infinity, in the sense that there exists a subsequence ${\{S_{n_i}\}}_{i\ge 0}$ of $\{S_n\}$ such that $S_{n_i}<S_{n_i+1}$ for all $i\in \mathbb{N}$. Consider the sequence ${\{\tau (n)\}}_{n\ge n_0}$ defined by $\tau (n)$ = $max\{n_0\le k\le n:{\tau }_k<{\tau }_{k+1}\}$ for some sufficiently large number $n_0\in \mathbb{N}$. Then ${\{\tau (n)\}}_{n\ge n_0}$ is a nondecreasing sequence with $\tau (n)\to \mathrm{\infty }$ as $n\to \mathrm{\infty }$, and for all $n\ge n_0$,

$$S_{\tau (n)}\le S_{\tau (n)+1}\mathit{\text{and}}{S}_n\le S_{\tau (n)+1}.$$

In fact, $max\{S_{\tau (n)},S_n\}\le S_{\tau (n)+1}$.

Lemma 2.7 [5]

Let $\{a_n\}$ and $\{b_n\}$ be two sequences in $[0,1]$. Let $\{e_n\}$ be a sequence of nonnegative real numbers. Let $\{t_n\}$ and $\{k_n\}$ be two sequences of real numbers. Let ${\{S_n\}}_{n\in \mathbb{N}}$ be a sequence of nonnegative real numbers with

$$S_{n+1}\le (1-a_n)(1-b_n)S_n+a_n{t}_n+b_n{k}_n+e_n$$

for each $n\in \mathbb{N}$. Assume that:

$$\sum _{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{a}_n=\mathrm{\infty },\underset{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim\hspace{0.17em}sup}{t}_n\le 0,\underset{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim\hspace{0.17em}sup}{k}_n\le 0,\mathit{\text{and}}\sum _{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{e}_n=\mathrm{\infty }.$$

Then ${lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{S}_n=0$.

A mapping $T:\mathcal{H}\to \mathcal{H}$ is said to be averaged if $T=(1-\alpha )I+\alpha S$, where $S:\mathcal{H}\to \mathcal{H}$ is a nonexpansive mapping and $\alpha \in (0,1)$.

Lemma 2.8 [29]

Let C be a nonempty closed convex subset of ℋ and $T:C\to \mathcal{H}$ be a mapping. Then the following hold:

• (i) T is a nonexpansive mapping if and only if $I-T$ is $\frac{1}{2}$-inverse-strongly monotone ($\frac{1}{2}$-ism).

• (ii) If S is ν-ism, then γS is $\frac{\nu }{\gamma }$-ism.

• (iii) S is averaged if and only if $I-S$ is ν-ism for some $\nu >\frac{1}{2}$.

Indeed, S is α-averaged if and only if $I-S$ is $\frac{1}{(2\alpha )}$-ism for $\alpha \in (0,1)$.

• (iv) If S and T are averaged, then the composition ST is also averaged.

• (v) If the mappings ${\{T_i\}}_{i=1}^n$ are averaged and have a common fixed point, then ${\bigcap }_{i=1}^{n}Fix(T_i)=Fix(T_1\cdot \cdot \cdot T_n)$ for each $n\in \mathbb{N}$.

Lemma 2.9 [30]

Let T be a nonexpansive self-mapping on a nonempty closed convex subset C of ℋ, and let $\{x_n\}$ be a sequence in C. If $x_n\rightharpoonup w$ and ${lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}\parallel x_n-T{x}_n\parallel =0$, then $Tw=w$.

Let C be a nonempty closed convex subset of ℋ. The indicator function ${\iota }_C$ defined by

$${\iota }_{C}x=\{\begin{array}{cc}0,\hfill & x\in C,\hfill \\ \mathrm{\varnothing },\hfill & x\notin C\hfill \end{array}$$

is a proper lower semicontinuous convex function and its subdifferential $\partial {\iota }_C$ defined by

$$\partial {\iota }_{C}x=\{z\in \mathcal{H}:〈y-x,z〉\le {\iota }_C(y)-{\iota }_C(x),\mathrm{\forall }y\in \mathcal{H}\}$$

is a maximal monotone operator [31]. Furthermore, we also define the normal cone $N_{C}u$ of C at u as follows:

$$N_{C}u=\{z\in \mathcal{H}:〈z,v-u〉\le 0,\mathrm{\forall }v\in C\}.$$

We can define the resolvent $J_{\lambda }^{\partial i_C}$ of $\partial i_C$ for $\lambda >0$, i.e.,

$$J_{\lambda }^{\partial i_C}x={(I+\lambda \partial i_C)}^{-1}x$$

for all $x\in \mathcal{H}$. Since

$$\partial i_{C}x=\{z\in \mathcal{H}:i_{C}x+〈z,y-x〉\le i_{C}y,\mathrm{\forall }y\in \mathcal{H}\}=\{z\in \mathcal{H}:〈z,y-x〉\le 0,\mathrm{\forall }y\in C\}=N_{C}x$$

for all $x\in C$, we have that

$$\begin{array}{rl}u=J_{\lambda }^{\partial i_C}x& \iff x\in u+\lambda \partial i_{C}u\\ \iff x-u\in \lambda N_{C}u\\ \iff 〈x-u,y-u〉\le 0,\mathrm{\forall }y\in C\\ \iff u=P_{C}x.\end{array}$$

3 Main results

Let C, Q and $Q^{\prime }$ be nonempty closed convex subsets of ${\mathcal{H}}_1$, ${\mathcal{H}}_2$ and ${\mathcal{H}}_3$, respectively. For each $i=1,2$ and ${\kappa }_i>0$, let $B_i$ be a ${\kappa }_i$-inverse-strongly monotone mapping of C into ${\mathcal{H}}_1$, and let $G_i$ be a set-valued maximal monotone mapping on ${\mathcal{H}}_1$ such that the domain of $G_i$ is included in C for each $i=1,2$. Let $F_1$ be a firmly nonexpansive mapping of ${\mathcal{H}}_2$ into ${\mathcal{H}}_2$ and $F_2$ be a firmly nonexpansive mapping of ${\mathcal{H}}_3$ into ${\mathcal{H}}_3$. Note $J_{\lambda }^{G_1}={(I+\lambda G_1)}^{-1}$ and $J_r^{G_2}={(I+r{G}_2)}^{-1}$ for each $\lambda >0$ and $r>0$. Let $A_1:{\mathcal{H}}_1\to {\mathcal{H}}_2$ be a bounded linear operator, $A_2:{\mathcal{H}}_1\to {\mathcal{H}}_3$ be a bounded linear operator, and $A_i^{\ast }$ be the adjoint of $A_i$ for $i=1,2$. Throughout this paper, we use these notations unless specified otherwise.

Theorem 3.1 Suppose that ${(B_1+G_1)}^{-1}(0)\cap {(B_2+G_2)}^{-1}(0)$ is nonempty, and $\{a_n\}$, $\{b_n\}$, $\{c_n\}$, $\{f_n\}$, $\{g_n\}$, $\{h_n\}$ are sequences in $[0,1]$ such that $a_n+b_n+c_n=1$, $f_n+g_n+h_n=1$, $0<a_n<1$, and $0<f_n<1$ for each $n\in \mathbb{N}$. For an arbitrarily fixed $u\in \mathcal{H}$, define a sequence $\{v_n\}$ by

$$\{\begin{array}{l}{v}_0\in \mathcal{H}\mathit{\text{ is chosen arbitrarily}},\\ v_{2n+1}:=a_{n}u+b_n{v}_{2n}+c_n{J}_{{\delta }_n}^{G_1}(I-{\delta }_n{B}_1)v_{2n},n\in \mathbb{N}\cup \{0\},\\ v_{2n}:=f_{n}u+g_n{v}_{2n-1}+h_n{J}_{{\gamma }_n}^{G_2}(I-{\gamma }_n{B}_2)v_{2n-1},n\in \mathbb{N}.\end{array}$$

Then ${lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{v}_n=P_{{(B_1+G_1)}^{-1}(0)\cap {(B_2+G_2)}^{-1}(0)}u$ provided the following conditions are satisfied:

• (i) ${lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{a}_n={lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{f}_n=0$;

• (ii) either ${\sum }_{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{a}_n=\mathrm{\infty }$ or ${\sum }_{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{f}_n=\mathrm{\infty }$;

• (iii) $0<a\le {\delta }_n\le b<2{\kappa }_1$ and $0<f\le {\gamma }_n\le g<2{\kappa }_2$ for each $n\in \mathbb{N}$ and for some $a,b,f,g\in {\mathbb{R}}^{+}$;

• (iv) ${lim\hspace{0.17em}inf}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{c}_n>0$, ${lim\hspace{0.17em}inf}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{h}_n>0$.

Proof Given any fixed $\overline{v}:=P_{{(B_1+G_1)}^{-1}(0)\cap {(B_2+G_2)}^{-1}(0)}u$. Then $\overline{v}=J_{{\delta }_n}^{G_1}(I-{\delta }_n{B}_1)\overline{v}$ and $\overline{v}=J_{{\gamma }_n}^{G_2}(I-{\gamma }_n{B}_2)\overline{v}$. Since $B_1$ is ${\kappa }_1$-ism and $\frac{{\kappa }_1}{{\delta }_n}>\frac{1}{2}$, it follows from Lemma 2.8 that $I-{\delta }_n{B}_1$ is averaged. Hence $I-{\delta }_n{B}_1$ is nonexpansive. By Lemma 2.8, $J_{{\delta }_n}^{G_1}(I-{\delta }_n{G}_1)$ and $J_{{\gamma }_n}^{G_2}(I-{\gamma }_n{G}_2)$ are averaged. Hence $J_{{\delta }_n}^{G_1}(I-{\delta }_n{G}_1)$ and $J_{{\gamma }_n}^{G_2}(I-{\gamma }_n{G}_2)$ are nonexpansive. By condition (iv), we may assume that there exist positive real numbers c and h such that $c_n\ge \ell >0$ and $h_n\ge h>0$ for each $n\in \mathbb{N}$. For each $n\in \mathbb{N}$, we have that

$$\begin{array}{r}\parallel v_{2n}-\overline{v}\parallel \\ =\parallel f_{n}u+g_n{v}_{2n-1}+h_n{J}_{{\gamma }_n}^{G_2}(I-{\gamma }_n{B}_2)v_{2n-1}-\overline{v}\parallel \\ \le f_n\parallel u-\overline{v}\parallel +g_n\parallel v_{2n-1}-\overline{v}\parallel +h_n\parallel J_{{\gamma }_n}^{G_2}(I-{\gamma }_n{B}_2)v_{2n-1}-\overline{v}\parallel \\ \le f_n\parallel u-\overline{v}\parallel +g_n\parallel v_{2n-1}-\overline{v}\parallel +h_n\parallel v_{2n-1}-\overline{v}\parallel \\ =f_n\parallel u-\overline{v}\parallel +(g_n+h_n)\parallel v_{2n-1}-\overline{v}\parallel \\ =f_n\parallel u-\overline{v}\parallel +(1-f_n)\parallel v_{2n-1}-\overline{v}\parallel \end{array}$$

(3.1)

and

$$\begin{array}{r}\parallel v_{2n+1}-\overline{v}\parallel \\ =\parallel a_{n}u+b_n{v}_{2n}+c_n{J}_{{\delta }_n}^{G_1}(I-{\delta }_n{B}_1)v_{2n}-\overline{v}\parallel \\ \le a_n\parallel u-\overline{v}\parallel +b_n\parallel v_{2n}-\overline{v}\parallel +c_n\parallel J_{{\delta }_n}^{G_1}(I-{\delta }_n{B}_1)v_{2n}-\overline{v}\parallel \\ \le a_n\parallel u-\overline{v}\parallel +b_n\parallel v_{2n}-\overline{v}\parallel +c_n\parallel v_{2n}-\overline{v}\parallel \\ =a_n\parallel u-\overline{v}\parallel +(b_n+c_n)\parallel v_{2n}-\overline{v}\parallel \\ \le (1-a_n)\{f_n\parallel u-\overline{v}\parallel +(1-f_n)\parallel v_{2n-1}-\overline{v}\parallel \}+a_n\parallel u-\overline{v}\parallel \text{by }(\text{3.1})\\ =f_n(1-a_n)\parallel u-\overline{v}\parallel +((1-a_n)(1-f_n))\parallel v_{2n-1}-\overline{v}\parallel +a_n\parallel u-\overline{v}\parallel \\ =(1-(1-a_n)(1-f_n))\parallel u-\overline{v}\parallel +(1-a_n)(1-f_n)\parallel v_{2n-1}-\overline{v}\parallel \\ \le max\{\parallel u-\overline{v}\parallel ,\parallel v_{2n-1}-\overline{v}\parallel \}\\ \le max\{\parallel u-\overline{v}\parallel ,\parallel v_1-\overline{v}\parallel \}.\end{array}$$

By the mathematical induction method, we know that $\{v_{2n-1}\}$, $\{v_{2n}\}$ and $\{v_n\}$ are bounded sequences. By Lemma 2.4, we have that

$$\begin{array}{r}{\parallel J_{{\delta }_n}^{G_1}(I-{\delta }_n{B}_1)v_{2n}-\overline{v}\parallel }^2\\ ={\parallel J_{{\delta }_n}^{G_1}(I-{\delta }_n{B}_1)v_{2n}-J_{{\delta }_n}^{G_1}(I-{\delta }_n{B}_1)\overline{v}\parallel }^2\\ \le {\parallel (I-{\delta }_n{B}_1)v_{2n}-(I-{\delta }_n{B}_1)\overline{v}\parallel }^2-{\parallel (I-J_{{\delta }_n}^{G_1}(I-{\delta }_n{B}_1))v_{2n}-(I-J_{{\delta }_n}^{G_1}(I-{\delta }_n{B}_1))\overline{v}\parallel }^2\\ \le {\parallel v_{2n}-\overline{v}\parallel }^2-{\parallel (I-J_{{\delta }_n}^{G_1}(I-{\delta }_n{B}_1))v_{2n}-(I-J_{{\delta }_n}^{G_1}(I-{\delta }_n{B}_1))\overline{v}\parallel }^2\\ ={\parallel v_{2n}-\overline{v}\parallel }^2-{\parallel v_{2n}-J_{{\delta }_n}^{G_1}(I-{\delta }_n{B}_1)v_{2n}\parallel }^2\end{array}$$

for each $n\in \mathbb{N}$. Hence,

$$\begin{array}{r}{\parallel v_{2n+1}-\overline{v}\parallel }^2\\ ={\parallel a_n(u-\overline{v})+b_n(v_{2n}-\overline{v})+c_n(J_{{\delta }_n}^{G_1}(I-{\delta }_n{B}_1)v_{2n}-\overline{v})\parallel }^2\\ \le {\parallel b_n(v_{2n}-\overline{v})+c_n(J_{{\delta }_n}^{G_1}(I-{\delta }_n{B}_1)v_{2n}-\overline{v})\parallel }^2+2a_n〈u-\overline{v},v_{2n+1}-\overline{v}〉\\ ={(1-a_n)}^2{\parallel b_n^{\prime }(v_{2n}-\overline{v})+c_n^{\prime }(J_{{\delta }_n}^{G_1}(I-{\delta }_n{B}_1)v_{2n}-\overline{v})\parallel }^2\\ +2a_n〈u-\overline{v},v_{2n+1}-\overline{v}〉\\ ={(1-a_n)}^2\{b_n^{\prime }{\parallel v_{2n}-\overline{v}\parallel }^2+c_n^{\prime }{\parallel J_{{\delta }_n}^{G_1}(I-{\delta }_n{B}_1)v_{2n}-\overline{v}\parallel }^2\\ -b_n^{\prime }{c}_n^{\prime }{\parallel v_{2n}-J_{{\delta }_n}^{G_1}(I-{\delta }_n{B}_1)v_{2n}\parallel }^2\}+2a_n〈u-\overline{v},v_{2n+1}-\overline{v}〉\\ \le b_n{\parallel v_{2n}-\overline{v}\parallel }^2+c_n{\parallel J_{{\delta }_n}^{G_1}(I-{\delta }_n{B}_1)v_{2n}-\overline{v}\parallel }^2+2a_n〈u-\overline{v},v_{2n+1}-\overline{v}〉\\ \le b_n{\parallel v_{2n}-\overline{v}\parallel }^2+c_n({\parallel v_{2n}-\overline{v}\parallel }^2-{\parallel v_{2n}-J_{{\delta }_n}^{G_1}(I-{\delta }_n{B}_1)v_{2n}\parallel }^2)+2a_n〈u-\overline{v},v_{2n+1}-\overline{v}〉\\ =(b_n+c_n){\parallel v_{2n}-\overline{v}\parallel }^2+2a_n〈u-\overline{v},v_{2n+1}-\overline{v}〉-c_n{\parallel v_{2n}-J_{{\delta }_n}^{G_1}(I-{\delta }_n{B}_1)v_{2n}\parallel }^2,\end{array}$$

(3.2)

where

$$b_n^{\prime }:=\frac{b_n}{b_n+c_n},c_n^{\prime }:=\frac{c_n}{b_n+c_n}.$$

Similarly, we have

$$\begin{array}{rl}{\parallel v_{2n}-\overline{v}\parallel }^2\le & (g_n+h_n){\parallel v_{2n-1}-\overline{v}\parallel }^2+2f_n〈u-\overline{v},v_{2n}-\overline{v}〉\\ -h_n{\parallel J_{{\gamma }_n}^{G_2}(I-{\gamma }_n{B}_2)v_{2n-1}-v_{2n-1}\parallel }^2.\end{array}$$

(3.3)

Consequently, it follows from (3.2) and (3.3) that

$$\begin{array}{r}{\parallel v_{2n+1}-\overline{v}\parallel }^2\\ \le (b_n+c_n){\parallel v_{2n}-\overline{v}\parallel }^2+2a_n〈u-\overline{v},v_{2n+1}-\overline{v}〉-c_n{\parallel J_{{\delta }_n}^{G_1}(I-{\delta }_n{B}_1)v_{2n}-v_{2n}\parallel }^2\\ \le (1-a_n)\{(1-f_n){\parallel v_{2n-1}-\overline{v}\parallel }^2+2f_n〈u-\overline{v},v_{2n}-\overline{v}〉\\ -h_n{\parallel J_{{\gamma }_n}^{G_2}(I-{\gamma }_n{B}_2)v_{2n-1}-v_{2n-1}\parallel }^2\}+2a_n〈u-\overline{v},v_{2n+1}-\overline{v}〉\\ -c_n{\parallel J_{{\delta }_n}^{G_1}(I-{\delta }_n{B}_1)v_{2n}-v_{2n}\parallel }^2\\ =(1-a_n)(1-f_n){\parallel v_{2n-1}-\overline{v}\parallel }^2+2f_n(1-a_n)〈u-\overline{v},v_{2n}-\overline{v}〉\\ -h_n(1-a_n){\parallel J_{{\gamma }_n}^{G_2}(I-{\gamma }_n{B}_2)v_{2n-1}-v_{2n-1}\parallel }^2+2a_n〈u-\overline{v},v_{2n+1}-\overline{v}〉\\ -c_n{\parallel J_{{\delta }_n}^{G_1}(I-{\delta }_n{B}_1)v_{2n}-v_{2n}\parallel }^2.\end{array}$$

(3.4)

For each $n\in \mathbb{N}$, set $S_n:={\parallel v_{2n-1}-\overline{v}\parallel }^2$. Then $S_{n+1}={\parallel v_{2n+1}-\overline{v}\parallel }^2$ and (3.4) become

$$\begin{array}{rl}{S}_{n+1}\le & (1-a_n)(1-f_n)S_n+2a_n〈u-\overline{v},v_{2n+1}-\overline{v}〉+2f_n(1-a_n)〈u-\overline{v},v_{2n}-\overline{v}〉\\ -c_n{\parallel J_{{\delta }_n}^{G_1}(I-{\delta }_n{B}_1)v_{2n}-v_{2n}\parallel }^2\\ -h_n(1-a_n){\parallel J_{{\gamma }_n}^{G_2}(I-{\gamma }_n{B}_2)v_{2n-1}-v_{2n-1}\parallel }^2\\ \le & (1-a_n)(1-f_n)S_n+2a_n〈u-\overline{v},v_{2n+1}-\overline{v}〉+2f_n(1-a_n)〈u-\overline{v},v_{2n}-\overline{v}〉.\end{array}$$

(3.5)

Case 1: $\{S_n\}$ is eventually decreasing, i.e., there exists a natural number N such that $\parallel v_{2n+1}-\overline{v}\parallel \le \parallel v_{2n-1}-\overline{v}\parallel$ for each $n\ge N$. So, $\{S_n\}$ is convergent and ${lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}\parallel v_{2n-1}-\overline{v}\parallel$ exists. For all $n\in \mathbb{N}$, $c_n\ge c$, $h_n\ge h$ and (3.5), we have that

$$\begin{array}{rl}0\le & c{\parallel J_{{\delta }_n}^{G_1}(I-{\delta }_n{B}_1)v_{2n}-v_{2n}\parallel }^2\\ +h(1-a_n){\parallel J_{{\gamma }_n}^{G_2}(I-{\gamma }_n{B}_2)v_{2n-1}-v_{2n-1}\parallel }^2\\ \le & (1-a_n)(1-f_n)S_n-S_{n+1}+2a_n〈u-\overline{v},v_{2n+1}-\overline{v}〉+2f_n(1-a_n)〈u-\overline{v},v_{2n}-\overline{v}〉.\end{array}$$

(3.6)

Noting via condition (i) and the fact that $\{v_n\}$ is bounded that

$$\begin{array}{r}\underset{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim}[(1-a_n)(1-f_n)S_n-S_{n+1}]=0,\\ \underset{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim}2a_n〈u-\overline{v},v_{2n+1}-\overline{v}〉=\underset{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim}2f_n(1-a_n)〈u-\overline{v},v_{2n}-\overline{v}〉=0,\end{array}$$

we conclude from (3.6) that

$$\underset{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim}(c{\parallel J_{{\delta }_n}^{G_1}(I-{\delta }_n{B}_1)v_{2n}-v_{2n}\parallel }^2+h(1-a_n){\parallel J_{{\gamma }_n}^{G_2}(I-{\gamma }_n{B}_2)v_{2n-1}-v_{2n-1}\parallel }^2)=0.$$

Therefore,

$$\underset{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim}\parallel J_{{\delta }_n}^{G_1}(I-{\delta }_n{B}_1)v_{2n}-v_{2n}\parallel =\underset{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim}\parallel J_{{\gamma }_n}^{G_2}(I-{\gamma }_n{B}_2)v_{2n-1}-v_{2n-1}\parallel =0.$$

(3.7)

Since $\{v_{2n}\}$ is a bounded sequence in ℋ, there is a subsequence $\{v_{{(2n)}_k}\}$ of $\{v_{2n}\}$ such that $v_{{(2n)}_k}\rightharpoonup \overline{x}\in \mathcal{H}$ and

$$\underset{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim\hspace{0.17em}sup}〈u-\overline{v},v_{2n}-\overline{v}〉=\underset{k\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim}〈u-\overline{v},v_{{(2n)}_k}-\overline{v}〉=〈u-\overline{v},\overline{x}-\overline{v}〉.$$

On the other hand, $0<a\le {\delta }_n\le b<2{\kappa }_1$, there exists a subsequence $\{{\delta }_{n_{k_j}}\}$ of $\{{\delta }_n\}$ such that $\{{\delta }_{n_{k_j}}\}$ converges to a number $\overline{\delta }\in [a,b]$. By Lemma 2.5, we have

$$\begin{array}{r}\parallel v_{{(2n)}_{k_j}}-J_{\overline{\delta }}^{G_1}(I-\overline{\delta }{B}_1)v_{{(2n)}_{k_j}}\parallel \\ \le \parallel v_{{(2n)}_{k_j}}-J_{{\delta }_{n_{k_j}}}^{G_1}(I-{\delta }_{n_{k_j}}{B}_1)v_{{(2n)}_{k_j}}\parallel \\ +\parallel J_{{\delta }_{n_{k_j}}}^{G_1}(I-\overline{\delta }{B}_1)v_{{(2n)}_{k_j}}-J_{\overline{\delta }}^{G_1}(I-\overline{\delta }{B}_1)v_{{(2n)}_{k_j}}\parallel \\ +\parallel J_{{\delta }_{n_{k_j}}}^{G_1}(I-{\delta }_{n_{k_j}}{B}_1)v_{{(2n)}_{k_j}}-J_{{\delta }_{n_{k_j}}}^{G_1}(I-\overline{\delta }{B}_1)v_{{(2n)}_{k_j}}\parallel \\ \le \parallel v_{{(2n)}_{k_j}}-J_{{\delta }_{n_{k_j}}}^{G_1}(I-{\delta }_{n_{k_j}}{B}_1)v_{{(2n)}_{k_j}}\parallel +|{\delta }_{n_{k_j}}-\overline{\delta }|\parallel B_1{u}_{n_{k_j}}\parallel \\ +\frac{|{\delta }_{n_{k_j}}-\overline{\delta |}}{\overline{\delta }}\parallel J_{\overline{\delta }}^{G_1}(I-\overline{\delta }{B}_1)v_{{(2n)}_{k_j}}-(I-\overline{\delta }{B}_1)v_{{(2n)}_{k_j}}\parallel \to 0.\end{array}$$

(3.8)

By (3.8) and Lemma 2.9, $\overline{x}\in Fix(J_{\overline{\delta }}^{G_1}(I-\overline{\delta }{B}_1))={(B_1+G_1)}^{-1}(0)$. Since $0<c\le {\gamma }_n\le d<2{\kappa }_2$, there exists a subsequence $\{{\gamma }_{n_{k_j}}\}$ of $\{{\gamma }_n\}$ such that $\{{\gamma }_{n_{k_j}}\}$ converges to a number $\overline{\gamma }\in [c,d]$. We have that

$$\begin{array}{rl}\parallel v_{2n+1}-v_{2n}\parallel & =\parallel a_{n}u+b_n{v}_{2n}+c_n{J}_{{\delta }_n}^{G_1}(I-{\delta }_n{B}_1)v_{2n}-v_{2n}\parallel \\ \le a_n\parallel u-v_{2n}\parallel +c_n\parallel J_{{\delta }_n}^{G_1}(I-{\delta }_n{B}_1)v_{2n}-v_{2n}\parallel \end{array}$$

(3.9)

and

$$\begin{array}{rl}\parallel v_{2n}-v_{2n-1}\parallel & =\parallel f_{n}u+g_n{v}_{2n-1}+h_n{J}_{{\gamma }_n}^{G_2}(I-{\gamma }_n{B}_2)v_{2n-1}-v_{2n-1}\parallel \\ \le f_n\parallel u-v_{2n-1}\parallel +h_n\parallel J_{{\gamma }_n}^{G_2}(I-{\gamma }_n{B}_2)v_{2n-1}-v_{2n-1}\parallel .\end{array}$$

(3.10)

Since $\{v_n\}$ is bounded, we conclude from (3.7), (3.9), (3.10), and conditions (i), (ii) that

$$\underset{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim}\parallel v_{n+1}-v_n\parallel =0.$$

(3.11)

By Lemma 2.5, we have

$$\begin{array}{r}\parallel v_{{(2n)}_{k_j}+1}-J_{\overline{\gamma }}(I-\overline{\gamma }{B}_2)v_{{(2n)}_{k_j}+1}\parallel \\ \le \parallel v_{{(2n)}_{k_j}+1}-J_{{\gamma }_{n_{k_j}}}(I-{\gamma }_{n_{k_j}}{B}_2)v_{{(2n)}_{k_j}+1}\parallel \\ +\parallel J_{{\gamma }_{n_{k_j}}}(I-{\gamma }_{n_{k_j}}{B}_2)v_{{(2n)}_{k_j}+1}-J_{{\gamma }_{n_{k_j}}}(I-\overline{\gamma }{B}_2)v_{{(2n)}_{k_j}+1}\parallel \\ +\parallel J_{{\gamma }_{n_{k_j}}}(I-\overline{\gamma }{B}_2)v_{{(2n)}_{k_j}+1}-J_{\overline{r}}(I-\overline{r}{B}_2)v_{{(2n)}_{k_j}+1}\parallel \\ \le \parallel v_{{(2n)}_{k_j}+1}-J_{{\gamma }_{n_{k_j}}}(I-{\gamma }_{n_{k_j}}{B}_2)v_{{(2n)}_{k_j}+1}\parallel +|{\gamma }_{n_{k_j}}-\overline{\gamma }|\parallel B_2{v}_{{(2n)}_{k_j}+1}\parallel \\ +\frac{|{\gamma }_{n_{k_j}}-\overline{\gamma }|}{\overline{\gamma }}\parallel J_{\overline{\gamma }}(I-\overline{\gamma }{B}_2)v_{{(2n)}_{k_j}+1}-(I-\overline{\gamma }{B}_2)v_{{(2n)}_{k_j}+1}\parallel \to 0.\end{array}$$

(3.12)

Since ${lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}\parallel v_{2n+1}-v_{2n}\parallel =0$, we know that $v_{{(2n)}_{k_j}+1}\rightharpoonup \overline{x}$. By (3.12) and Lemma 2.9, we know that $J_{\overline{\gamma }}^{G_2}(I-\overline{\gamma }{B}_2)\overline{x}=\overline{x}$. So, $\overline{x}\in {(B_2+G_2)}^{-1}(0)$. This shows that $\overline{x}\in {(B_1+G_1)}^{-1}(0)\cap {(B_2+G_2)}^{-1}(0)$. It follows from $\overline{v}:=P_{{(B_1+G_1)}^{-1}(0)\cap {(B_2+G_2)}^{-1}(0)}u$ and Lemma 2.3 that

$$\underset{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim\hspace{0.17em}sup}〈u-\overline{v},v_{2n}-\overline{v}〉=〈u-\overline{v},\overline{x}-\overline{v}〉\le 0.$$

(3.13)

By (3.11) and (3.13),

$$\begin{array}{r}\underset{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim\hspace{0.17em}sup}〈u-\overline{v},v_{2n+1}-\overline{v}〉\\ =\underset{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim\hspace{0.17em}sup}(〈u-\overline{v},v_{2n+1}-v_{2n}〉+〈u-\overline{v},v_{2n}-\overline{v}〉)\\ \le \underset{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim\hspace{0.17em}sup}〈u-\overline{v},v_{2n+1}-v_{2n}〉+\underset{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim\hspace{0.17em}sup}〈u-\overline{v},v_{2n}-\overline{v}〉\le 0.\end{array}$$

(3.14)

Applying Lemma 2.7 to inequality (3.5) with $t_n=2〈u-\overline{v},v_{2n+1}-\overline{v}〉$ and $k_n=2(1-a_n)〈u-\overline{v},v_{2n}-\overline{v}〉$, we obtain from (3.13) and (3.14) and conditions (i), (ii) that ${lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{S}_n=0$. That is, ${lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{v}_{2n-1}=\overline{v}$. And then it follows from (3.11) that ${lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{v}_{2n}=\overline{v}$. Thus, ${lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{v}_n=\overline{v}$.

Case 2: Suppose that $\{S_n\}$ is not an eventually decreasing sequence. Let $\{S_{n_i}\}$ be a subsequence of $\{S_n\}$ such that $S_{n_i}\le S_{n_i+1}$ for all $i\ge 0$, also consider the sequence of integers ${\{\tau (n)\}}_{n\ge n_0}$, defined by $\tau (n)=max\{k\le n,S_k<S_{k+1}\}$, for some $n_0$ ($n_0$ is a sufficiently large number). Then ${\{\tau (n)\}}_{n\ge n_0}$ is a nondecreasing sequence as ${lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}\tau (n)=\mathrm{\infty }$, and for all $n\ge n_0$, one has that

$$S_{\tau (n)}\le S_{\tau (n)+1}\text{and}{S}_n\le S_{\tau (n)+1}.$$

(3.15)

That is, $max\{S_{{\tau }_{(}n)},S_n\}\le S_{\tau (n)+1}$. For such $n\ge n_0$, it follows from (3.15) that

$$\parallel v_{2\tau (n)-1}-\overline{v}\parallel \le \parallel v_{2\tau (n)+1}-\overline{v}\parallel$$

(3.16)

and

$$\parallel v_{2n-1}-\overline{v}\parallel \le \parallel v_{2\tau (n)+1}-\overline{v}\parallel .$$

(3.17)

From (3.15) and (3.5), we obtain

$$\begin{array}{rl}{S}_{\tau (n)}\le & S_{\tau (n)+1}\\ \le & (1-a_{\tau (n)})(1-f_{\tau (n)})S_{\tau (n)}+2a_{\tau (n)}〈u-\overline{v},v_{2\tau (n)+1}-\overline{v}〉\\ +2f_{\tau (n)}(1-a_{\tau (n)})〈u-\overline{v},v_{2\tau (n)}-\overline{v}〉\\ -c_{\tau (n)}{\parallel J_{{\delta }_{\tau (n)}}^{G_1}(I-{\delta }_{\tau (n)}{B}_1)v_{2\tau (n)}-v_{2\tau (n)}\parallel }^2\\ -h_{\tau (n)}{\parallel J_{{\gamma }_{\tau (n)}}^{G_2}(I-{\gamma }_{\tau (n)}{B}_2)v_{2\tau (n)-1}-v_{2\tau (n)-1}\parallel }^2\\ \le & (1-a_{\tau (n)})(1-f_{\tau (n)})S_{\tau (n)}+2a_{\tau (n)}〈u-\overline{v},v_{2\tau (n)+1}-\overline{v}〉\\ +2f_{\tau (n)}(1-a_{\tau (n)})〈u-\overline{v},v_{2\tau (n)}-\overline{v}〉.\end{array}$$

(3.18)

Just as the argument of Case 1, we have

$$\{\begin{array}{c}{lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}\parallel v_{2\tau (n)}-J_{{\delta }_{\tau (n)}}^{G_1}(I-{\delta }_{\tau (n)}{B}_1)v_{2\tau (n)}\parallel =0,\hfill \\ {lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}\parallel v_{2\tau (n)-1}-J_{{\gamma }_{\tau (n)}}^{G_2}(I-{\gamma }_{\tau (n)}{B}_2)v_{2\tau (n)-1}\parallel =0,\hfill \\ {lim\hspace{0.17em}sup}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}〈u-\overline{v},v_{2\tau (n)+1}-\overline{v}〉\le 0,\hfill \\ {lim\hspace{0.17em}sup}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}〈u-\overline{v},v_{2\tau (n)}-\overline{v}〉\le 0,\hfill \\ {lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}\parallel v_{2\tau (n)+1}-v_{2\tau (n)}\parallel =0.\hfill \end{array}$$

(3.19)

By (3.15) and (3.18), we have

$$\begin{array}{rl}{S}_{\tau (n)+1}\le & (1-a_{\tau (n)})(1-f_{\tau (n)})S_{\tau (n)+1}+2a_{\tau (n)}〈u-\overline{v},v_{2\tau (n)+1}-\overline{v}〉\\ +2f_{\tau (n)}(1-a_{\tau (n)})〈u-\overline{v},v_{2\tau (n)}-\overline{v}〉\end{array}$$

for all $n\ge n_0$. This implies that

$$\begin{array}{rl}{S}_{\tau (n)+1}\le & (1-a_{\tau (n)})(1-f_{\tau (n)})S_{\tau (n)+1}+a_{\tau (n)}K\parallel v_{2\tau (n)+1}-v_{2\tau (n)}\parallel \\ +2[f_{\tau (n)}(1-a_{\tau (n)})+a_{\tau (n)}]〈u-\overline{v},v_{2\tau (n)}-\overline{v}〉\end{array}$$

for all $n\ge n_0$, where $K=2\parallel u-\overline{v}\parallel$. Furthermore, we have

$$\begin{array}{rl}{S}_{\tau (n)+1}\le & \frac{a_{\tau (n)}K\parallel v_{2\tau (n)+1}-v_{2\tau (n)}\parallel }{a_{\tau (n)}+f_{\tau (n)}(1-a_{\tau (n)})}\\ +2〈u-\overline{v},v_{2\tau (n)}-\overline{v}〉\\ \le & K\parallel v_{2\tau (n)+1}-v_{2\tau (n)}\parallel +2〈u-\overline{v},v_{2\tau (n)}-\overline{v}〉.\end{array}$$

(3.20)

Hence, it follows from (3.19) and (3.20) that

$$\underset{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim}{S}_{\tau (n)+1}=0.$$

(3.21)

By (3.15) and (3.21), we know that ${lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{S}_n=0$. Then, just as the argument in the proof of Case 1, we obtain ${lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{v}_n=\overline{v}$. Therefore, the proof is completed. □

Remark 3.1

• (i) If we put $B_1=B_2=0$ in Theorem 3.1, then Theorem 3.1 is reduced to Theorem 7 in [20].

• (ii) Boikanyo et al. [20] showed that strong convergence theorem of a proximal point algorithm with error can be obtained from strong convergence of a proximal point algorithm without errors. Therefore, in Theorem 3.1, we study strong convergence of variational inclusion problems without error.

As a simple consequence of Theorem 3.1, we have the following theorem.

Theorem 3.2 Suppose that ${(B_1+G_1)}^{-1}(0)$ is nonempty, and $\{a_n\}$, $\{b_n\}$, $\{c_n\}$ are sequences in $[0,1]$ such that $a_n+b_n+c_n=1$, $0<a_n<1$ for each $n\in \mathbb{N}$. For an arbitrary fixed $u\in \mathcal{H}$, define a sequence $\{x_n\}$ by

$$\{\begin{array}{l}{x}_0\in \mathcal{H}\mathit{\text{ is chosen arbitrarily}},\\ x_{n+1}:=a_{n}u+b_n{x}_n+c_n{J}_{{\delta }_n}^{G_1}(I-{\delta }_n{B}_1)x_n,n\in \mathbb{N}\cup \{0\}.\end{array}$$

Then ${lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{v}_n=P_{{(B_1+G_1)}^{-1}(0)}u$ if the following conditions are satisfied:

• (i) ${lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{a}_n=0$, ${\sum }_{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{a}_n=\mathrm{\infty }$;

• (ii) $0<a\le {\delta }_n\le b<2{\kappa }_1$ for each $n\in \mathbb{N}$ and for some $a,b\in {\mathbb{R}}^{+}$;

• (iii) ${lim\hspace{0.17em}inf}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{c}_n>0$.

Proof Set $f_n=0$, $B_2=0$, $g_n+h_n=1$, $\{g_n\}$ and $\{h_n\}$ are sequences in $[0,1]$, and $G_2=\partial {\iota }_{{\mathcal{H}}_1}$. Define a sequence $v_n$ by

$$v_{2n+1}=a_{n}u+b_n{x}_n+c_n{J}_{{\delta }_n}^{G_1}(I-{\delta }_n{B}_1)x_n,n\in \mathbb{N}\cup \{0\}$$

and

$$v_{2n}=v_{2n-1}=x_{n-1}.$$

Then

$$v_{2n+1}=a_{n}u+b_n{v}_{2n}+c_n{J}_{{\delta }_n}^{G_1}(I-{\delta }_n{B}_1)v_{2n},n\in \mathbb{N}\cup \{0\},$$

and

$$v_{2n}=f_{n}u+g_n{v}_{2n-1}+h_n{v}_{2n-1}=f_{n}u+g_n{v}_{2n-1}+h_n{J}_{{\gamma }_n}^{\partial {\iota }_{{\mathcal{H}}_1}}{v}_{2n-1},n\in \mathbb{N}\cup \{0\}.$$

Since

$$G_2^{-1}(0)={(\partial {\iota }_{{\mathcal{H}}_1})}^{-1}0=Fix\left(J_{{\gamma }_n}^{\partial {\iota }_{{\mathcal{H}}_1}}\right)=Fix(P_{{\mathcal{H}}_1})={\mathcal{H}}_1,$$

it is easy to see that

$${(B_1+G_1)}^{-1}(0)=({(B_1+G_1)}^{-1}(0)\cap {\mathcal{H}}_1)=({(B_1+G_1)}^{-1}(0)\cap {(B_2+G_2)}^{-1}(0))\ne \mathrm{\varnothing }.$$

Then Theorem 3.2 follows from Theorem 3.1. □

Remark 3.2 Following the same argument as in Remark 12 in [20], we see that Theorems 3.1 and 3.2 contain [[23], Theorem 3.3], [[24], Theorem 1], [[32], Theorems 1-4] and many other recent results as special cases.

4 Applications

Now, we recall the following multiple sets split feasibility problem (MSSFP-A1):

$$\text{Find }\overline{x}\in {\mathcal{H}}_1\text{ such that }\overline{x}\in G_1^{-1}(0)\cap G_2^{-1}(0),A_1\overline{x}\in Fix(F_1)\text{ and }{A}_2\overline{x}\in Fix(F_2).$$

Theorem 4.1 [33]

Given any $\overline{x}\in {\mathcal{H}}_1$, $\{{\lambda }_n\}$ and $\{{\gamma }_n\}$ are sequences in $(0,\mathrm{\infty })$.

• (i) If $\overline{x}$ is a solution of (MSSFP-A1), then $J_{{\lambda }_n}^{G_1}(I-{\rho }_n{A}_1^{\ast }(I-F_1)A_1)J_{r_n}^{G_2}(I-{\sigma }_n{A}_2^{\ast }(I-F_2)A_2)\overline{x}=\overline{x}$ for each $n\in \mathbb{N}$.

• (ii) Suppose that $J_{{\lambda }_n}^{G_1}(I-{\rho }_n{A}_1^{\ast }(I-F_1)A_1)J_{r_n}^{G_2}(I-{\sigma }_n{A}_2^{\ast }(I-F_2)A_2)\overline{x}=\overline{x}$ with $0<{\rho }_n<\frac{2}{{\parallel A_1\parallel }^2+2}$, $0<{\sigma }_n<\frac{2}{{\parallel A_2\parallel }^2+2}$ for each $n\in \mathbb{N}$ and the solution set of (MSSFP-A1) is nonempty. Then $\overline{x}$ is a solution of (MSSFP-A1).

In order to study the convergence theorems for the solution set of multiple split feasibility problem (MSSFP-A1), we need the following problems and the following essential tool which is a special case of Theorem 3.2 in [33]:

$$\text{(SFP-1)}\text{Find }\overline{x}\in {\mathcal{H}}_1\text{ such that }\overline{x}\in Fix\left(J_{{\rho }_n}^{G_1}\right)\text{ and }{A}_1\overline{x}\in Fix(F_1).$$

Lemma 4.1 Given any $\overline{x}\in {\mathcal{H}}_1$.

• (i) If $\overline{x}$ is a solution of (SFP-1), then $J_{{\rho }_n}^{G_1}(I-{\rho }_n{A}_1^{\ast }(I-F_1)A_1)\overline{x}=\overline{x}$ for each $n\in \mathbb{N}$.

• (ii) Suppose that $J_{{\rho }_n}^{G_1}(I-{\rho }_n{A}_1^{\ast }(I-F_1)A_1)\overline{x}=\overline{x}$ with $0<{\rho }_n<\frac{2}{{\parallel A_1\parallel }^2+2}$ for each $n\in \mathbb{N}$, and the solution set of (SFP-1) is nonempty. Then $(I-{\rho }_n{A}_1^{\ast }(I-F_1)A_1)$ and $J_{{\rho }_n}^{G_1}(I-{\rho }_n{A}_1^{\ast }(I-F_1)A_1)$ are averaged and $\overline{x}$ is a solution of (SFP-1).

Proof (i) Suppose that $\overline{x}\in {\mathcal{H}}_1$ is a solution of (SFP-1). Then $\overline{x}\in Fix(J_{{\rho }_n}^{G_1})$, $A_1\overline{x}\in Fix(F_1)$ for each $n\in \mathbb{N}$. It is easy to see that

$$J_{{\rho }_n}^{G_1}(I-{\rho }_n{A}_1^{\ast }(I-F_1)A_1)\overline{x}=\overline{x},n\in \mathbb{N}.$$

(ii) Since the solution set of (SFP-1) is nonempty, there exists $\overline{w}\in {\mathcal{H}}_1$ such that $\overline{w}\in Fix(J_{{\rho }_n}^{G_1})$, $A_1\overline{w}\in Fix(F_1)$. Then $\overline{w}\in G_1^{-1}(0)$. If we put $G_2=G_1$ and $F_2=F_1$, we get that the solution set of (MSSFP-A1) is nonempty. By Lemma 2.1 we have that

$$A_1^{\ast }(I-F_1)A_1\text{ is }\frac{1}{{\parallel A_1\parallel }^2}\text{-ism}.$$

(4.1)

By (4.1), $0<{\rho }_n<\frac{2}{{\parallel A_1\parallel }^2+2}$, and Lemma 2.8(ii), (iii), we know that

$$I-{\rho }_n{A}_1^{\ast }(I-F_1)A_1\text{ is averaged for each }n\in \mathbb{N}.$$

(4.2)

On the other hand, for each $n\in \mathbb{N}$, $J_{{\rho }_n}^{G_1}$ is a firmly nonexpansive mappings, it is easy to see that

$$J_{{\rho }_n}^{G_1}\text{ is }\frac{1}{2}\text{-averaged}.$$

(4.3)

Hence, by (4.2), (4.3) and Lemma 2.8(iv) and (v), we see that

$$J_{{\rho }_n}^{G_1}(I-{\rho }_n{A}_1^{\ast }(I-F_1)A_1)\text{ is averaged}.$$

Since

$$J_{{\rho }_n}^{G_1}(I-{\rho }_n{A}_1^{\ast }(I-F_1)A_1)\overline{x}=\overline{x},$$

so

$$J_{{\rho }_n}^{G_1}(I-{\rho }_n{A}_1^{\ast }(I-F_1)A_1)J_{{\rho }_n}^{G_1}(I-{\rho }_n{A}_1^{\ast }(I-F_1)A_1)\overline{x}=\overline{x}.$$

Then Lemma 4.1 follows from Theorem 4.1 by taking $G_1=G_2$, $F_1=F_2$ and ${\rho }_n=r_n$. □

Remark 4.1 From the following result, we know that Lemma 4.1 is more useful than Theorem 4.1.

Theorem 4.2 Suppose that the solution set ${\mathrm{\Omega }}_{A1}$ of (MSSFP-A1) is nonempty and $\{a_n\}$, $\{b_n\}$, $\{c_n\}$, $\{f_n\}$, $\{g_n\}$, $\{h_n\}$ are sequences in $[0,1]$ such that $a_n+b_n+c_n=1$, $f_n+g_n+h_n=1$, $0<a_n<1$, and $0<f_n<1$ for each $n\in \mathbb{N}$. For an arbitrarily fixed $u\in \mathcal{H}$, a sequence $\{v_n\}$ is defined by

$$\{\begin{array}{l}{v}_0\in \mathcal{H}\mathit{\text{ is chosen arbitrarily}},\\ v_{2n+1}:=a_{n}u+b_n{v}_{2n}+c_n{J}_{{\rho }_n}^{G_1}(I-{\rho }_n{A}_1^{\ast }(I-F_1)A_1)v_{2n},n\in \mathbb{N}\cup \{0\},\\ v_{2n}:=f_{n}u+g_n{v}_{2n-1}+h_n{J}_{{\sigma }_n}^{G_2}(I-{\sigma }_n{A}_2^{\ast }(I-F_2)A_2)v_{2n-1},n\in \mathbb{N}.\end{array}$$

Then ${lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{v}_n$ is a unique solution of the following optimization problem:

$$\underset{q\in {\mathrm{\Omega }}_{A1}}{min}\parallel q-u\parallel$$

provided the following conditions are satisfied:

• (i) ${lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{a}_n={lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{f}_n=0$;

• (ii) either ${\sum }_{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{a}_n=\mathrm{\infty }$ or ${\sum }_{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{f}_n=\mathrm{\infty }$;

• (iii) $0<a\le {\rho }_n\le b<\frac{2}{{\parallel A_1\parallel }^2+2}$, $0<c\le {\sigma }_n\le d<\frac{2}{{\parallel A_2\parallel }^2+2}$ for each $n\in \mathbb{N}$, and for some $a,b,c,d\in {\mathbb{R}}^{+}$;

• (iv) ${lim\hspace{0.17em}inf}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{c}_n>0$, ${lim\hspace{0.17em}inf}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{h}_n>0$.

Proof Since $F_i$ is firmly nonexpansive, it follows from Lemma 4.1 that $A_i^{\ast }(I-F_i)A_i$ is $\frac{1}{{\parallel A_i\parallel }^2}$-ism for each $i=1,2$. For each $i=1,2$, put $B_i=A_i^{\ast }(I-F_i)A_i$ in Lemma 4.1. Then algorithm in Theorem 3.1 follows immediately from algorithm in Theorem 4.2. Since ${\mathrm{\Omega }}_{A1}$ is nonempty, by Lemma 4.1, we have that

$$\overline{w}\in (Fix\left(J_{{\rho }_n}^{G_1}\left((I-{\rho }_n{A}_1^{\ast }(I-F_1)A_1)\right)\right)\cap Fix\left(J_{{\sigma }_n}^{G_2}\left((I-{\sigma }_n{A}_2^{\ast }(I-F_2)A_2)\right)\right))\ne \mathrm{\varnothing }$$

(4.4)

for each $n\in \mathbb{N}$. This implies that

$$\overline{w}\in (Fix(J_{{\rho }_n}^{G_1}(I-{\rho }_n{B}_1))\cap (Fix(J_{{\sigma }_n}^{G_2}(I-{\sigma }_n{B}_2))))\ne \mathrm{\varnothing }$$

(4.5)

for each $n\in \mathbb{N}$. Hence,

$$\overline{w}\in ({(B_1+G_1)}^{-1}(0)\cap {(B_2+G_2)}^{-1}(0))\ne \mathrm{\varnothing }.$$

By Theorem 3.1, ${lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{v}_n=\overline{x}$, where $\overline{x}=P_{{(B_1+G_1)}^{-1}(0)\cap {(B_2+G_2)}^{-1}(0)}u$. That is,

$$\overline{x}\in {(B_1+G_1)}^{-1}(0)\cap {(B_2+G_2)}^{-1}(0)$$

and

$$\parallel \overline{x}-u\parallel \le \parallel q-u\parallel$$

for all $q\in {(B_1+G_1)}^{-1}(0)\cap {(B_2+G_2)}^{-1}(0)$. Since

$$\overline{x}\in {(B_1+G_1)}^{-1}(0)\cap {(B_2+G_2)}^{-1}(0),$$

we know that

$$\overline{x}\in Fix(J_{{\rho }_n}^{G_1}(I-{\rho }_n{B}_1))\cap Fix(J_{{\sigma }_n}^{G_2}(I-{\sigma }_n{B}_2)).$$

That is,

$$\overline{x}\in Fix\left(J_{{\rho }_n}^{G_1}(I-{\rho }_n{A}_1^{\ast }(I-F_1)A_1)\right)$$

and

$$\overline{x}\in Fix\left(J_{{\sigma }_n}^{G_2}(I-{\sigma }_n{A}_2^{\ast }(I-F_2)A_2)\right).$$

By Lemma 4.1, we get that $\overline{x}\in {\mathrm{\Omega }}_{A1}$. Similarly, if $q\in {(B_1+G_1)}^{-1}(0)\cap {(B_2+G_2)}^{-1}(0)$, then $q\in {\mathrm{\Omega }}_{A1}$. Therefore $\overline{x}=P_{{\mathrm{\Omega }}_{A1}}u$. This shows that ${lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{v}_n$ is a unique solution of the optimization problem

$$\underset{q\in {\mathrm{\Omega }}_{A1}}{min}\parallel q-u\parallel .$$

Therefore, the proof is completed. □

In the following theorem, we study the following multiple sets split feasibility problem (MSSMVIP-A2):

$$\text{Find }\overline{x}\in {\mathcal{H}}_1\text{ such that }\overline{x}\in C,A_1\overline{x}\in Q\text{ and }{A}_2\overline{x}\in Q^{\prime }.$$

Let ${\mathrm{\Omega }}_{A2}$ denote the solution set of (MSSMVIP-A2). The following theorem is a special case of Theorem 4.3. Hence, it is also a special case of Theorem 4.2.

Theorem 4.3 Suppose that ${\mathrm{\Omega }}_{A2}$ is nonempty, and that $\{a_n\}$, $\{b_n\}$, $\{c_n\}$, $\{f_n\}$, $\{g_n\}$, $\{h_n\}$ are sequences in $[0,1]$ with $a_n+b_n+c_n=1$, $f_n+g_n+h_n=1$, $0<a_n<1$, and $0<f_n<1$ for each $n\in \mathbb{N}$. For an arbitrary fixed $u\in \mathcal{H}$, a sequence $\{v_n\}$ is defined by

$$\{\begin{array}{l}{v}_0\in \mathcal{H}\mathit{\text{ is chosen arbitrarily}},\\ v_{2n+1}:=a_{n}u+b_n{v}_{2n}+c_n{P}_C(I-{\rho }_n{A}_1^{\ast }(I-P_Q)A_1)v_{2n},n\in \mathbb{N}\cup \{0\},\\ v_{2n}:=f_{n}u+g_n{v}_{2n-1}+h_n{P}_C(I-{\sigma }_n{A}_2^{\ast }(I-P_{Q^{\prime }})A_2)v_{2n-1},n\in \mathbb{N}.\end{array}$$

Then ${lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{v}_n$ is a unique solution of the following optimization problem:

$$\underset{q\in {\mathrm{\Omega }}_{A2}}{min}\parallel q-u\parallel$$

provided the following conditions are satisfied:

• (i) ${lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{a}_n={lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{f}_n=0$;

• (ii) either ${\sum }_{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{a}_n=\mathrm{\infty }$ or ${\sum }_{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{f}_n=\mathrm{\infty }$;

• (iii) $0<a\le {\rho }_n\le b<\frac{2}{{\parallel A_1\parallel }^2+2}$, $0<c\le {\sigma }_n\le d<\frac{2}{{\parallel A_2\parallel }^2+2}$ for each $n\in \mathbb{N}$ and for some $a,b,c,d\in {\mathbb{R}}^{+}$;

• (iv) ${lim\hspace{0.17em}inf}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{c}_n>0$, ${lim\hspace{0.17em}inf}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{h}_n>0$.

Proof Put $G_1=G_2=\partial {\iota }_C$, $F_1=P_Q$, and $F_2=P_{Q^{\prime }}$. Then $G_1$, $G_2$ are two set-valued maximum monotone mappings, $F_1$ and $F_2$ are firmly nonexpansive mappings. Since $J_{{\rho }_n}^{\partial \iota C}=P_C$ and $J_{{\sigma }_n}^{\partial \iota C}=P_C$, we have $Fix(F_1)=Fix(P_Q)=Q$, $Fix(F_2)=Fix(P_{Q^{\prime }})=Q^{\prime }$, $Fix(J_{{\rho }_n}^{\partial {\iota }_C})=Fix(P_C)=C$ and $Fix(J_{{\sigma }_n}^{\partial {\iota }_C})=Fix(P_C)=C$. Then Theorem 4.3 follows from Theorem 4.2. □

In the following theorem, we study the following split feasibility problem (MSSMVIP-A3):

$$\begin{array}{r}\text{Find }\overline{x}\in {\mathcal{H}}_1\text{ such that }\overline{x}\in C\cap Q^{\prime },A_1\overline{x}\in Q\text{ where }{Q}^{\prime }\text{ is a nonempty closed}\\ \text{subset of }{\mathcal{H}}_1.\end{array}$$

Let ${\mathrm{\Omega }}_{A3}$ denote the solution set of problem (MSSMVIP-A3). The following is also a special case of Theorem 4.3.

Theorem 4.4 Suppose that $Q^{\prime }$ is a nonempty closed convex subset of ${\mathcal{H}}_1$, ${\mathrm{\Omega }}_{A3}$ is nonempty, and $\{a_n\}$, $\{b_n\}$, $\{c_n\}$, $\{f_n\}$, $\{g_n\}$, $\{h_n\}$ are sequences in $[0,1]$ with $a_n+b_n+c_n=1$, $f_n+g_n+h_n=1$, $0<a_n<1$, and $0<f_n<1$ for each $n\in \mathbb{N}$. For an arbitrary fixed $u\in \mathcal{H}$, a sequence $\{v_n\}$ is defined by

$$\{\begin{array}{l}{v}_0\in \mathcal{H}\mathit{\text{ is chosen arbitrarily}},\\ v_{2n+1}:=a_{n}u+b_n{v}_{2n}+c_n{P}_C(I-{\rho }_n{A}_1^{\ast }(I-P_Q)A_1)v_{2n},n\in \mathbb{N}\cup \{0\},\\ v_{2n}:=f_{n}u+g_n{v}_{2n-1}+h_n{P}_C(I-{\sigma }_n(I-P_{Q^{\prime }}))v_{2n-1},n\in \mathbb{N}.\end{array}$$

Then ${lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{v}_n$ is a unique solution of the following optimization problem:

$$\underset{q\in {\mathrm{\Omega }}_{A3}}{min}\parallel q-u\parallel$$

provided the following conditions are satisfied:

• (i) ${lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{a}_n={lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{f}_n=0$;

• (ii) either ${\sum }_{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{a}_n=\mathrm{\infty }$ or ${\sum }_{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{f}_n=\mathrm{\infty }$;

• (iii) $0<a\le {\rho }_n\le b<\frac{2}{{\parallel A_1\parallel }^2+2}$, $0<c<{\sigma }_n<d<\frac{2}{3}$ for each $n\in \mathbb{N}$ and for some $a,b,c,d\in {\mathbb{R}}^{+}$;

• (iv) ${lim\hspace{0.17em}inf}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{c}_n>0$, ${lim\hspace{0.17em}inf}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{h}_n>0$.

Proof Put $A_2=I$ and ${\mathcal{H}}_1$ = ${\mathcal{H}}_3$ in Theorem 4.3. Then Theorem 4.4 follows from Theorem 4.3. □

In the following theorem, we study the following convex feasibility problem (MSSMVIP-A4):

$$\begin{array}{r}\text{Find }\overline{x}\in {\mathcal{H}}_1\text{ such that }\overline{x}\in C\cap Q\cap Q^{\prime },\text{ where }Q,Q^{\prime }\text{ are nonempty closed}\\ \text{subsets of }{\mathcal{H}}_1.\end{array}$$

Let ${\mathrm{\Omega }}_{A4}$ denote the solution set of (MSSMVIP-A4). The following is a special case of Theorem 4.3.

Theorem 4.5 Suppose that Q and $Q^{\prime }$ are nonempty closed convex subsets of ${\mathcal{H}}_1$, ${\mathrm{\Omega }}_{A4}$ is nonempty, and $\{a_n\}$, $\{b_n\}$, $\{c_n\}$, $\{f_n\}$, $\{g_n\}$, $\{h_n\}$ are sequences in $[0,1]$ with $a_n+b_n+c_n=1$, $f_n+g_n+h_n=1$, $0<a_n<1$, and $0<f_n<1$ for each $n\in \mathbb{N}$. For an arbitrary fixed $u\in \mathcal{H}$, a sequence $\{v_n\}$ is defined by

$$\{\begin{array}{l}{v}_0\in \mathcal{H}\mathit{\text{ is chosen arbitrarily}},\\ v_{2n+1}:=a_{n}u+b_n{v}_{2n}+c_n{P}_C(I-{\rho }_n(I-P_Q))v_{2n},n\in \mathbb{N}\cup \{0\},\\ v_{2n}:=f_{n}u+g_n{v}_{2n-1}+h_n{P}_C(I-{\sigma }_n(I-P_{Q^{\prime }}))v_{2n-1},n\in \mathbb{N}.\end{array}$$

Then ${lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{v}_n$ is a unique solution of the following optimization problem:

$$\underset{q\in {\mathrm{\Omega }}_{A4}}{min}\parallel q-u\parallel$$

provided the following conditions are satisfied:

• (i) ${lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{a}_n={lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{f}_n=0$;

• (ii) either ${\sum }_{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{a}_n=\mathrm{\infty }$ or ${\sum }_{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{f}_n=\mathrm{\infty }$;

• (iii) $0<a<{\rho }_n<b<\frac{2}{3}$, $0<c<{\sigma }_n<d<\frac{2}{3}$ for each $n\in \mathbb{N}$ and for some $a,b,c,d\in {\mathbb{R}}^{+}$;

• (iv) ${lim\hspace{0.17em}inf}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{c}_n>0$, ${lim\hspace{0.17em}inf}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{h}_n>0$.

Proof Put $A_1=A_2=I$ and ${\mathcal{H}}_1$ = ${\mathcal{H}}_2$= ${\mathcal{H}}_3$ in Theorem 4.3. Then Theorem 4.5 follows from Theorem 4.3. □

In the following theorem, we study the following convex feasibility problem (MSSMVIP-A5):

$$\begin{array}{r}\text{Find }\overline{x}\in {\mathcal{H}}_1\text{ such that }\overline{x}\in Q\cap Q^{\prime },\text{ where }Q\text{ and }{Q}^{\prime }\text{ are nonempty closed}\\ \text{convex subsets of }{\mathcal{H}}_1.\end{array}$$

Let ${\mathrm{\Omega }}_{A5}$ denote the solution set of (MSSMVIP-A5).

The following existent theorem of a convex feasibility problem follows immediately from Theorem 4.5.

Theorem 4.6 Suppose that Q and $Q^{\prime }$ are nonempty closed convex subsets of ${\mathcal{H}}_1$, ${\mathrm{\Omega }}_{A5}$ is nonempty, and $\{a_n\}$, $\{b_n\}$, $\{c_n\}$, $\{f_n\}$, $\{g_n\}$, $\{h_n\}$ are sequences in $[0,1]$ with $a_n+b_n+c_n=1$, $f_n+g_n+h_n=1$, $0<a_n<1$, and $0<f_n<1$ for each $n\in \mathbb{N}$. For an arbitrary fixed $u\in \mathcal{H}$. Define a sequence $\{v_n\}$ by

$$\{\begin{array}{l}{v}_0\in \mathcal{H}\mathit{\text{ is chosen arbitrarily}},\\ v_{2n+1}:=a_{n}u+b_n{v}_{2n}+c_n(I-{\rho }_n(I-P_Q))v_{2n},n\in \mathbb{N}\cup \{0\},\\ v_{2n}:=f_{n}u+g_n{v}_{2n-1}+h_n(I-{\sigma }_n(I-P_{Q^{\prime }}))v_{2n-1},n\in \mathbb{N}.\end{array}$$

Then ${lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{v}_n$ is a unique solution of the following optimization problem:

$$\underset{q\in {\mathrm{\Omega }}_{A5}}{min}\parallel q-u\parallel$$

provided the following conditions are satisfied:

• (i) ${lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{a}_n={lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{f}_n=0$;

• (ii) either ${\sum }_{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{a}_n=\mathrm{\infty }$ or ${\sum }_{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{f}_n=\mathrm{\infty }$;

• (iii) $0<a<{\rho }_n<b<\frac{2}{3}$, $0<c<{\sigma }_n<d<\frac{2}{3}$ for each $n\in \mathbb{N}$ and for some $a,b,c,d\in {\mathbb{R}}^{+}$;

• (iv) ${lim\hspace{0.17em}inf}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{c}_n>0$, ${lim\hspace{0.17em}inf}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{h}_n>0$.

Proof Put $C={\mathcal{H}}_1$, then $P_C=P_{{\mathcal{H}}_1}$. Then Theorem 4.6 follows from Theorem 4.5. □

In the following theorem, we study the following system of convexly constrained linear inverse problem (SCCLIP):

$$\text{Find }\overline{x}\in {\mathcal{H}}_1\text{ such that }\overline{x}\in C,A_1\overline{x}=b\text{ and }{A}_2\overline{x}=b^{\prime },\text{ where }b\in {\mathcal{H}}_2\text{ and }{b}^{\prime }\in {\mathcal{H}}_3.$$

Let ${\mathrm{\Omega }}_{A6}$ denote the solution set of (SCCLIP).

Theorem 4.7 Suppose that ${\mathrm{\Omega }}_{A6}$ is nonempty, and $b\in {\mathcal{H}}_2$, $b^{\prime }\in {\mathcal{H}}_3$. Let $\{a_n\}$, $\{b_n\}$, $\{c_n\}$, $\{f_n\}$, $\{g_n\}$, and $\{h_n\}$ be sequences in $[0,1]$ with $a_n+b_n+c_n=1$, $f_n+g_n+h_n=1$, $0<a_n<1$, and $0<f_n<1$ for each $n\in \mathbb{N}$. For an arbitrary fixed $u\in \mathcal{H}$, a sequence $\{v_n\}$ is defined by

$$\{\begin{array}{l}{v}_0\in \mathcal{H}\mathit{\text{ is chosen arbitrarily}},\\ v_{2n+1}:=a_{n}u+b_n{v}_{2n}+c_n{P}_C(v_{2n}-{\rho }_n{A}_1^{\ast }(A_1{v}_{2n}-b)),n\in \mathbb{N}\cup \{0\},\\ v_{2n}:=f_{n}u+g_n{v}_{2n-1}+h_n{P}_C(v_{2n-1}-{\sigma }_n{A}_2^{\ast }(A_2{v}_{2n-1}-b^{\prime })),n\in \mathbb{N}.\end{array}$$

Then ${lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{v}_n$ is a unique solution of the following optimization problem:

$$\underset{q\in {\mathrm{\Omega }}_{A6}}{min}\parallel q-u\parallel$$

provided the following conditions are satisfied:

• (i) ${lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{a}_n={lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{f}_n=0$;

• (ii) either ${\sum }_{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{a}_n=\mathrm{\infty }$ or ${\sum }_{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{f}_n=\mathrm{\infty }$;

• (iii) $0<a\le {\rho }_n\le b<\frac{2}{{\parallel A_1\parallel }^2+2}$, $0<c\le {\sigma }_n\le d<\frac{2}{{\parallel A_2\parallel }^2+2}$ for each $n\in \mathbb{N}$ and for some $a,b,c,d\in {\mathbb{R}}^{+}$;

• (iv) ${lim\hspace{0.17em}inf}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{c}_n>0$, ${lim\hspace{0.17em}inf}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{h}_n>0$.

Proof Put $Q=\{b\}$ and $Q^{\prime }=\{b^{\prime }\}$. Then Theorem 4.7 follows from Theorem 4.2. □

In the following theorem, we study the following convexly constrained linear inverse problem (CCLIP):

$$\begin{array}{r}\text{Find }\overline{x}\in {\mathcal{H}}_1\text{ such that }\overline{x}\in C\cap Q^{\prime }\text{ and }{A}_1\overline{x}=b,\text{ where }b\in {\mathcal{H}}_2\text{ and }{Q}^{\prime }\text{ is a nonempty}\\ \text{closed convex subset of }{\mathcal{H}}_1.\end{array}$$

Let ${\mathrm{\Omega }}_{A7}$ denote the solution set of (CCLIP).

Theorem 4.8 Suppose that $Q^{\prime }$ is a nonempty closed convex subset of ${\mathcal{H}}_1$. ${\mathrm{\Omega }}_{A7}$ is nonempty, $b\in {\mathcal{H}}_2$, and $\{a_n\}$, $\{b_n\}$, $\{c_n\}$, $\{f_n\}$, $\{g_n\}$, $\{h_n\}$ are sequences in $[0,1]$ with $a_n+b_n+c_n=1$, $f_n+g_n+h_n=1$, $0<a_n<1$, and $0<f_n<1$ for each $n\in \mathbb{N}$. For an arbitrary fixed $u\in \mathcal{H}$, a sequence $\{v_n\}$ is defined by

$$\{\begin{array}{l}{v}_0\in \mathcal{H}\mathit{\text{ is chosen arbitrarily}},\\ v_{2n+1}:=a_{n}u+b_n{v}_{2n}+c_n{P}_C(v_{2n}-{\rho }_n(A_1{v}_{2n}-b)),n\in \mathbb{N}\cup \{0\},\\ v_{2n}:=f_{n}u+g_n{v}_{2n-1}+h_n{P}_C(I-{\sigma }_n(I-P_{Q^{\prime }}))v_{2n-1},n\in \mathbb{N}.\end{array}$$

Then ${lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{v}_n$ is a unique solution of the following optimization problem:

$$\underset{q\in {\mathrm{\Omega }}_{A7}}{min}\parallel q-u\parallel$$

provided the following conditions are satisfied:

• (i) ${lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{a}_n={lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{f}_n=0$;

• (ii) either ${\sum }_{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{a}_n=\mathrm{\infty }$ or ${\sum }_{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{f}_n=\mathrm{\infty }$;

• (iii) $0<a\le {\rho }_n\le b<\frac{2}{{\parallel A_1\parallel }^2+2}$, $0<c<{\sigma }_n<d<\frac{2}{3}$ for each $n\in \mathbb{N}$, and for some $a,b,c,d\in {\mathbb{R}}^{+}$;

• (iv) ${lim\hspace{0.17em}inf}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{c}_n>0$, ${lim\hspace{0.17em}inf}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{h}_n>0$.

Remark 4.2 The iteration in Theorem 4.8 is different from the Landweber iterative method [19]:

$$x_{n+1}:=x_n+\gamma A^T(b-A{x}_n),n\in \mathbb{N}.$$