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Iterative scheme for a nonexpansive mapping, an η-strictly pseudo-contractive mapping and variational inequality problems in a uniformly convex and 2-uniformly smooth Banach space
Fixed Point Theory and Applications volume 2013, Article number: 23 (2013)
Abstract
In this paper, we introduce an iterative scheme by the modification of Mann’s iteration process for finding a common element of the set of solutions of a finite family of variational inequality problems and the set of fixed points of an η-strictly pseudo-contractive mapping and a nonexpansive mapping. Moreover, we prove a strong convergence theorem for finding a common element of the set of fixed points of a finite family of -strictly pseudo-contractive mappings for every in uniformly convex and 2-uniformly smooth Banach spaces.
1 Introduction
Let E be a Banach space with its dual space and let C be a nonempty closed convex subset of E. Throughout this paper, we denote the norm of E and by the same symbol . We use the symbol → to denote the strong convergence. Recall the following definition.
Definition 1.1 A Banach space E is said to be uniformly convex iff for any ϵ, , the inequalities , and imply there exists a such that .
Definition 1.2 Let E be a Banach space. Then a function is said to be the modulus of smoothness of E if
A Banach space E is said to be uniformly smooth if
Let . A Banach space E is said to be q-uniformly smooth if there exists a fixed constant such that . It is easy to see that if E is q-uniformly smooth, then and E is uniformly smooth.
Definition 1.3 A mapping J from E onto satisfying the condition
is called the normalized duality mapping of E. The duality pair represents for and .
Definition 1.4 Let C be a nonempty subset of a Banach space E and be a self-mapping. T is called a nonexpansive mapping if
for all .
T is called an η-strictly pseudo-contractive mapping if there exists a constant such that
for every and for some . It is clear that (1.1) is equivalent to the following:
for every and for some .
Let C and D be nonempty subsets of a Banach space E such that C is nonempty closed convex and , then a mapping is sunny [1] provided for all and , whenever . The mapping is called a retraction if for all . Furthermore, P is a sunny nonexpansive retraction from C onto D if P is a retraction from C onto D which is also sunny and nonexpansive. The subset D of C is called a sunny nonexpansive retraction of C if there exists a sunny nonexpansive retraction from C onto D.
An operator A of C into E is said to be accretive if there exists such that
A mapping is said to be α-inverse strongly accretive if there exists and such that
Remark 1.1 From (1.1) and (1.2), if T is an η-strictly pseudo-contractive mapping, then is η-inverse strongly accretive.
The variational inequality problem in a Banach space is to find a point such that for some ,
This problem was considered by Aoyama et al. [2]. The set of solutions of the variational inequality in a Banach space is denoted by , that is,
Numerous problems in physics, optimization, variational inequalities, minimax problems, the Nash equilibrium problem in noncooperative games reduce to find an element of (1.4); see [3, 4].
Recall that the normal Mann’s iterative process was introduced by Mann [5] in 1953. The normal Mann’s iterative process generates a sequence in the following manner:
where the sequence . If T is a nonexpansive mapping with a fixed point and the control sequence is chosen so that , then the sequence generated by normal Mann’s iterative process (1.5) converges weakly to a fixed point of T.
In 2008, Cho et al. [6] modified the normal Mann’s iterative process and proved strong convergence for a finite family of nonexpansive mappings in the framework of Banach spaces without any commutative assumption as follows.
Theorem 1.2 Let C be a closed convex subset of a uniformly smooth and strictly convex Banach space E. Let be a nonexpansive mapping from C into itself for . Assume that . Given a point and given sequences , the following conditions are satisfied:
Let be a sequence generated by and
where is the W-mapping generated by and . Then converges strongly to , where and is the unique sunny nonexpansive retraction from C onto F.
In 2008, Zhou [7] proved a strong convergence theorem for the modification of normal Mann’s iteration algorithm generated by a strict pseudo-contraction in a real 2-uniformly smooth Banach space as follows.
Theorem 1.3 Let C be a closed convex subset of a real 2-uniformly smooth Banach space E and let be a λ-strict pseudo-contraction such that . Given and the sequences , , and in , the following control conditions are satisfied:
Let a sequence be generated by
Then converges strongly to , where and is the unique sunny nonexpansive retraction from C onto .
In 2005, Aoyama et al. [2] proved a weak convergence theorem for finding a solution of problem (1.3) as follows.
Theorem 1.4 Let E be a uniformly convex and 2-uniformly smooth Banach space and let C be a nonempty closed convex subset of E. Let be a sunny nonexpansive retraction from E onto C, let and let A be an α-inverse strongly accretive operator of C into E with . Suppose and is given by
for every , where is a sequence of positive real numbers and is a sequence in . If and are chosen so that for some and for some b, c with , then converges weakly to some element z of , where K is the 2-uniformly smoothness constant of E.
In this paper, motivated by Theorems 1.2, 1.3 and 1.4, we prove a strong convergence theorem for finding a common element of the set of solutions of a finite family of variational inequality problems and the set of fixed points of a nonexpansive mapping and an η-strictly pseudo-contractive mapping in uniformly convex and 2-uniformly smooth spaces. Moreover, by using our main result, we prove a strong convergence theorem for finding a common element of the set of fixed points of a finite family of -strictly pseudo-contractive mappings for every in uniformly convex and 2-uniformly smooth Banach spaces.
2 Preliminaries
In this section, we collect and prove the following lemmas to use in our main result.
Lemma 2.1 (See [8])
Let E be a real 2-uniformly smooth Banach space with the best smooth constant K. Then the following inequality holds:
for any .
Definition 2.1 (See [9])
Let C be a nonempty convex subset of a real Banach space. Let be a finite family of nonexpanxive mappings of C into itself and let be real numbers such that for every . Define a mapping as follows:
Such a mapping K is called the K-mapping generated by and .
Lemma 2.2 (See [9])
Let C be a nonempty closed convex subset of a strictly convex Banach space. Let be a finite family of nonexpanxive mappings of C into itself with and let be real numbers such that for every and . Let K be the K-mapping generated by and . Then .
Remark 2.3 From Lemma 2.2, it is easy to see that the K mapping is a nonexpansive mapping.
Lemma 2.4 (See [10])
Let and be bounded sequences in a Banach space X and let be a sequence in with . Suppose
for all integer and
Then .
Lemma 2.5 (See [11])
Let X be a uniformly convex Banach space and , . Then there exists a continuous, strictly increasing and convex function , such that
for all and all with .
Lemma 2.6 (See [2])
Let C be a nonempty closed convex subset of a smooth Banach space E. Let be a sunny nonexpansive retraction from E onto C and let A be an accretive operator of C into E. Then for all ,
Lemma 2.7 (See [12])
Let C be a closed convex subset of a strictly convex Banach space X. Let be a sequence of nonexpansive mappings on C. Suppose is nonempty. Let be a sequence of positive numbers with . Then a mapping S on C defined by for is well defined, non-expansive and holds.
Lemma 2.8 (See [8])
Let . If E is uniformly convex, then there exists a continuous, strictly increasing and convex function , such that for all and for any , we have .
Lemma 2.9 (See [13])
Let X be a uniformly smooth Banach space, C be a closed convex subset of X, be a nonexpansive mapping with and let where is to denote the collection of all contractions on C. Then the sequence defined by converses strongly to a point in . If we define a mapping by for all , then solves the following variational inequality:
for all , .
Lemma 2.10 (See [14])
In a Banach space E, the following inequality holds:
where .
Lemma 2.11 (See [15])
Let be a sequence of nonnegative real number satisfying
where , satisfy the conditions
Then .
Lemma 2.12 Let C be a nonempty closed convex subset of a 2-uniformly smooth Banach space E and let be a nonexpansive mapping and be an η-strictly pseudocontractive mapping with . Define a mapping by for all and , where K is the 2-uniformly smooth constant of E. Then .
Proof It is easy to see that . Let and , we have
(2.2) implies that
Then we have , that is, .
Since , from the definition of , we have
Then we have . Therefore, . It follows that . Hence, . □
Remark 2.13 Applying (2.2), we have that the mapping is nonexpansive.
3 Main results
Theorem 3.1 Let C be a nonempty closed convex subset of a uniformly convex and 2-uniformly smooth Banach space E. Let be the sunny nonexpansive retraction from E onto C. For every , let be an -inverse strongly accretive mapping. Define a mapping by for all and , where , K is the 2-uniformly smooth constant of E. Let be the K-mapping generated by and , where , and . Let be a nonexpansive mapping and be an η-strictly pseudo-contractive mapping with . Define a mapping by , and . Let be the sequence generated by and
where is a contractive mapping and , and satisfy the following conditions:
Then the sequence converses strongly to , which solves the following variational inequality:
Proof First, we will show that is a nonexpansive mapping for every .
Let . From nonexpansiveness of , we have
Then we have is a nonexpansive mapping for every . Since is the K-mapping generated by and and Lemma 2.2, we can conclude that . From Lemma 2.6 and the definition of , we have for every . Hence, we have
Next, we will show that the sequence is bounded.
Let ; from the definition of , we have
By induction, we can conclude that the sequence is bounded and so are , , .
Next, we will show that
From the definition of , we can rewrite by
where .
Since
From (3.5) and the conditions (i)-(iv), we have
From Lemma 2.4 and (3.4), we have
From (3.4), we have
and from the condition (iv) and (3.7), we have
Next, we will show that
From the definition of , we can rewrite by
where and .
From Lemma 2.5 and (3.8), we have
which implies that
From the conditions (i), (ii), (iv) and (3.3), we have
From the properties of , we have
From Lemma 2.8 and the definition of , we have
which implies that
From the condition (iii) and (3.10), we have
From the properties of , we have
From the definition of , we can rewrite by
where and .
From Lemma 2.5 and the convexity of , we have
which implies that
From the conditions (i), (ii), (iv) (3.14) and (3.3), we have
From the properties of , we have
From (3.11), (3.15) and
we have
Define a mapping by for all and . From Lemma 2.7, 2.12 and (3.2), we have .
From (3.15) and (3.16) and
we have
Next, we will show that
where and begins the fixed point of the contraction
Then solves the fixed point equation .
From the definition of , we have
where . From (3.17), we have
(3.19) implies that
where such that for all and . From (3.20) and (3.21), we have
From (3.22) taking , we have
Since
it follows that
Since j is norm-to-norm uniformly continuous on a bounded subset of C and (3.24), then we have
Finally, we will show the sequence converses strongly to . From the definition of , we have
which implies that
From the condition (i) and Lemma 2.11, we can imply that converses strongly to . This completes the proof. □
The following results can be obtained from Theorem 3.1. We, therefore, omit the proof.
Corollary 3.2 Let C be a nonempty closed convex subset of a uniformly convex and 2-uniformly smooth Banach space E. Let be the sunny nonexpansive retraction from E onto C. For every , let be a ν-inverse strongly accretive mapping. Let be a nonexpansive mapping and be an η-strictly pseudo-contractive mapping with . Define a mapping by , and , where K is the 2-uniformly smooth constant of E. Let be the sequence generated by and
where is a contractive mapping and , , and satisfy the following conditions:
Then the sequence converses strongly to , which solves the following variational inequality:
Corollary 3.3 Let C be a nonempty closed convex subset of a uniformly convex and 2-uniformly smooth Banach space E. Let be the sunny nonexpansive retraction from E onto C. For every , let be an -inverse strongly accretive mapping. Define a mapping by for all and , where , K is the 2-uniformly smooth constant of E. Let be the K-mapping generated by and , where , and . Let be a nonexpansive mapping with . Let be the sequence generated by and
where is a contractive mapping and , and satisfy the following conditions:
Then the sequence converses strongly to , which solves the following variational inequality:
Corollary 3.4 Let C be a nonempty closed convex subset of a uniformly convex and 2-uniformly smooth Banach space E. Let be the sunny nonexpansive retraction from E onto C. For every , let be an -inverse strongly accretive mapping. Define a mapping by for all and , where , K is the 2-uniformly smooth constant of E. Let be the K-mapping generated by and , where , and . Let be an η-strictly pseudo-contractive mapping with . Define a mapping by , and . Let be the sequence generated by and
where is a contractive mapping and , and satisfy the following conditions:
Then the sequence converses strongly to , which solves the following variational inequality:
4 Applications
To prove the next theorem, we needed the following lemma.
Lemma 4.1 Let C be a nonempty closed convex subset of a Banach space E and let be an η-strictly pseudo-contractive mapping with . Then .
Proof It is easy to see that . Put and . Let , then there exists such that
Since P is an η-strictly pseudo-contractive mapping, then there exists such that
From (4.1), (4.2), we have
It implies that , that is, . Then we have . Hence, we have . □
Remark 4.2 If C is a closed convex subset of a smooth Banach space E and is a sunny nonexpansive retraction from E onto C, from Remark 1.1, Lemma 2.6 and 4.1, we have
for all .
Theorem 4.3 Let C be a nonempty closed convex subset of a uniformly convex and 2-uniformly smooth Banach space E. Let be the sunny nonexpansive retraction from E onto C. For every , let be an -strictly pseudo-contractive mapping. Define a mapping by for all and , where , K is the 2-uniformly smooth constant of E. Let be the K-mapping generated by and , where , and . Let be a nonexpansive mapping and be an η-strictly pseudo-contractive mapping with . Define a mapping by , and . Let be the sequence generated by and
where is a contractive mapping and , and satisfy the following conditions:
Then the sequence converses strongly to , which solves the following variational inequality:
Proof Since is an -strictly pseudo-contractive mapping, then we have is an -inverse strongly accretive mapping for every . For every , putting in Theorem 3.1, from Remark 4.2 and Theorem 3.1, we can conclude the desired results. □
Next corollaries are derived from Theorem 4.3. We, therefore, omit the proof.
Corollary 4.4 Let C be a nonempty closed convex subset of a uniformly convex and 2-uniformly smooth Banach space E. Let be the sunny nonexpansive retraction from E onto C. For every , let be an -strictly pseudo contractive mapping. Define a mapping by for all and , where , K is the 2-uniformly smooth constant of E. Let be the K-mapping generated by and , where , and . Let be a nonexpansive mapping with . Let be the sequence generated by and
where is a contractive mapping and , and satisfy the following conditions:
Then the sequence converses strongly to , which solves the following variational inequality:
Corollary 4.5 Let C be a nonempty closed convex subset of a uniformly convex and 2-uniformly smooth Banach space E. Let be the sunny nonexpansive retraction from E onto C. For every , let be an -strictly pseudo contractive mapping. Define a mapping by for all and , where , K is the 2-uniformly smooth constant of E. Let be the K-mapping generated by and , where , and . be an η-strictly pseudo contractive mapping with . Define a mapping by , and . Let be a sequence generated by and
where is a contractive mapping and , and satisfy the following conditions:
Then the sequence converses strongly to , which solves the following variational inequality:
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Acknowledgements
This research was supported by the Research Administration Division of King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang.
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Kangtunyakarn, A. Iterative scheme for a nonexpansive mapping, an η-strictly pseudo-contractive mapping and variational inequality problems in a uniformly convex and 2-uniformly smooth Banach space. Fixed Point Theory Appl 2013, 23 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1186/1687-1812-2013-23
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1687-1812-2013-23